A Study On The Space Of Opera Performance In The Private Gardens Of Jiangnan In The Late Qing Dynasty

Both gardens and Opera(Kunqu Opera)are the products of literati and officials in Ming and Qing Dynasties.They share the same ideology,aesthetic taste and common ideological and cultural basis.From the middle Ming Dynasty to the early Republic of China,literati and Confucian businessmen wrote songs in the garden,taught their families and even put on the stage to entertain themselves,which promoted the development of opera.At the same time,opera activities were also one of the important activities in the garden of Ming and Qing Dynasties.The space required for opera performance must also have requirements for the production of garden scenes,and the cultural connotation of garden scenes,which were mutually influenced and complemented each other.Therefore,this paper takes the private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River at the end of Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China as the research object,hoping to reexamine the local spatial layout and the way of sightseeing from another perspective ——the perspective of opera performance,and to explore what impact the function of opera performance will have on the spatial layout of the gardens after entering the gardens.First of all,the concept of opera space in gardens and its development context are expounded from the perspective of macro historical background,aiming to reveal the cultural tradition and formation motivation;then,from the perspective of meso type analysis,it introduces the aesthetic taste of different garden owners(scholars,Confucian businessmen)in Jiangnan area at the end of Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China for operas;functional ideas(writing music for self entertainment,social banquet,etiquette for family);form of performance place(hall,courtyard,terrace,pavilion and Pavilion)and other different opera spaces are analyzed;then,from the perspective of micro examples and comparison,the two main types and differences of the traditional opera performance space are discussed in detail,which are "the opera performance space integrating house and garden" and "the opera performance space closely combining with garden";corresponding to the traditional opera space is to influence the opera performance reform In this paper,the author discusses the artistic techniques and application elements for opera performance,and then discusses the differences between "tradition" and "change" in opera space.Finally,it discusses the protection and inheritance of traditional Chinese opera culture in the traditional garden,as well as the inspiration for the space construction of contemporary Chinese opera in the landscape garden.