| The arid area in the northwestern China is one of the areas with the most serious shortage of water resources in China.The evaporation in the area is intense,and the utilization of plain reservoirs is low.In response to this problem,this article uses physical materials covered with anti-evaporation technology as a research method to suppress evaporation on the surface of reservoirs.According to previous researches,this paper selects the floating plate as the anti-evaporation material,studies the clearance rate of the floating plate freely arranged on the water surface,and selects the floating plate to freely arrange the external fence in the reservoir site to study the water saving efficiency.By arranging the floating plate freely within the fence,the water saving rate of the floating plate during the entire test period is observed and calculated.The main results of the study are as follows:(1)Observing the meteorological data of the reservoir site with a movable weather station,combining the measured evaporation amount,according to the evaporation model studied by the predecessors,and analyzing the meteorological data through the regression analysis software,a new evaporation model is established.Considering the R-square and the qualified rate of the relative error of evaporation from the fitting of each model,the temperature evaporation model and water vapor pressure difference evaporation model are selected as the local evaporation model of the test points.(2)As the proportion of floating plate area and evaporator area gradually diminishing,equivalent to the area of the evaporator,the large area water environment of the reservoir can be simulated.The clearance rate of floating plate obtained is more accurate and true.It is concluded that the clearance rate of floating plate freely arranged in water is 25%.(3)In the four groups of different area fences,the floating plate was freely arranged at a clearance rate of 25%.The wetting rate,the anti-evaporation coefficient,the evapotranspiration and the water saving rate of the floating plate throughout the test cycle are observed and calculated.The results showed that the water saving rate of the floating plate increased with the increase of the area of the fence and floating plate.When the area covered by the floating plate is gradually increased until the free layout of the floating plate covers the whole reservoir,the windproof and wave elimination effect of the floating plate reaches a maximum,and the wind force of the reservoir is mainly 0 to 3,and the floating plate in the center area of the reservoir is not easily soaked by the waves,and the annual water saving rate of the floating plate tends to be 75%.(4)With the on-site observation through the reservoir,it was found that the annual water saving rate of the floating plate was improved well after the increase of the fence.Moreover,the fence can protect the floating plate and prevent the floating plate from directly hitting the bank slope and the dam slope under the effect of wind and waves,and increasing the service life of the floating board.(5)The combination of anti-evaporation water-saving technology and water photovoltaic power generation technology is a feasible research direction.It not only can increase the amount of power generation,broaden the application of photovoltaic power generation,but also has the benefit of inhibiting water evaporation and protecting water resources,and can bring about certain social benefits and economic benefits. |
