| Global climate change has become one of the biggest challenges to the world’s socio-economic development.In the face of the severe climate change situation,carbon neutrality has become a consensus for the development of major countries around the world.China has been actively practicing and has put forward the goal of “3060 Double Carbon”,and has achieved outstanding results in green and low-carbon development.The Outline of the 14 th Five-Year Plan and 2035 Vision for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China explicitly requires the implementation of the 2030 national autonomous contribution target for addressing climate change.The inter-provincial administrative unit is the main body for the implementation of the policy target,and the reasonableness and fairness of the definition of its carbon emission responsibility is crucial to the overall economic and social development as well as the achievement of the national emission reductionBased on the 2017 Chinese multi-regional input-output table,this paper uses the multi-regional input-output model to measure the carbon emission responsibility of each Chinese province from three perspectives of producer responsibility,consumer responsibility and shared responsibility as the entry point,and to measure the provincial net carbon transfer and reveal its spatial flow direction.Based on the results of the MRIO model,a study on carbon equity at the provincial level was then conducted,introducing the implied net GDP transfer,the trade pollution condition and the carbon Gini coefficient to analyze the inter-provincial carbon equity issue in China from multiple perspectives.The following conclusions are drawn:（1）Inter-provincial differences in carbon emissions are obvious,showing a two-tier division.Under the principle of producer responsibility,the regions with high carbon emissions are concentrated in the energy provinces with an industrial structure biased towards heavy industry.Under the principle of consumer responsibility,the regions with high carbon emissions are concentrated in the large economic provinces on the east and south coasts.Under the principle of shared responsibility,the regions with the highest carbon emissions are concentrated in the provinces with large populations,economies and resources.（2）Inter-provincial trade has a significant impact on the carbon emissions of each province.The implied sources of carbon emission inflow are concentrated in neighboring provinces and provinces in developed regions.The outflow destinations of carbon emissions are concentrated in neighboring provinces and large energy provinces.（3）Carbon inequity exists in inter-provincial trade.Some developed provinces generate implied net carbon transfers out while receiving implied net GDP inflows from foreign provinces,and their trade pollution condition value is less than one,which puts them in a dominant position in inter-provincial trade.Some large energy provinces in central and western China,which have taken over net carbon transfers from other regions,even at a certain economic cost,have a trade pollution conditional value greater than one and are at a disadvantage in inter-provincial trade.（4）From the perspective of population distribution,the spatial distribution of carbon emissions across China’s provinces is relatively reasonable.Relatively speaking,the carbon Gini coefficient is slightly larger under the producer responsibility principle and smaller under the consumer responsibility principle and the shared responsibility principle,indicating that it would be fairer and more reasonable to allocate carbon emission space from these two perspectives.Based on the research results,this paper proposes targeted countermeasures in five aspects: improving policies and laws,strengthening green development,formulating differentiated emission reduction policies,enhancing regional collaboration in emission reduction,and strengthening the construction of carbon markets,so as to provide meaningful references for achieving low-carbon,green and sustainable development. |
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