Study On Adsorption Performance Of Wheat Straw Cellulose Microspheres For Active Components Of Qinglongyi

Qinglongyi is the immature exocarps of Juglans regia L.and Juglans mandshurica Maxim,which mainly contains flavonoids,anthraquinones,diarylheptanes,steroids,terpenoids,fatty acids,and others.There are descriptions of the analgesic effect of Qinglongyi in the“Beng Cao Gang Mu”,in which the wine with Qinglongyi can be used to relieve stomach pain,liver pain,dysmenorrhea,cancer pain,and other symptoms.Modern medical researches showed that Qinglongyi has significant antitumor activity.Compound preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine made from Qinglongyi or its extracts,such as granule and capsule of Qinglongyi,have been used in the clinical treatment of esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,and so on.The antitumor activity of Qinglongyi is attributed to the ingredients contained in Qinglongyi.Therefore,the separation and purification of the active components from Qinglongyi has important research significance.Based on those,our study chose the phenolic acids and flavonoids with anti-tumor activity in Qinglongyi as the research objects,explored the optimal ultrasonic extraction conditions of the two kinds of components to prepare the Qinglongyi extract.Wheat straw cellulose microspheres(SCM)were prepared by sol-gel method with wheat straw cellulose(SC)as the raw material.The active components in the extract of Qinglongyi were adsorbed and separated by SCM,whose adsorption behavior was discussed.The anti-tumor mechanism of Qinglongyi was predicted based on network pharmacology.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:1.HPLC analysis and detection methods of seven active ingredients of protocatecate,vanillin,ferulic acid,rutin,quercetin,kaempferol,and apigenin in Qinglongyi were established,which has good repeatability(<5.0%),precision(<5.0%),stability(<5.0%),and high recovery rate,that conform to the requirements of the national pharmacopoeia(The version of 2015).Different solvents were selected for ultrasonic extraction of the active ingredients from Qinglongyi.And it was found that methanol was the best solvent for extraction.Using methanol as solvent,the best extraction conditions for phenolic acids were methanol concentration is 30%,solid-liquid ratio is 1:10,ultrasonic time is 80 min,and temperature is 70°C.The optimal extraction conditions of flavonoids were ultrasonic time is 80 min,solid-liquid ratio is1:10,temperature is 70℃,and methanol concentration is 70%.2.SCM was prepared by sol-gel method.And a series of characterization tests were carried out on SCM density and porosity,surface morphology,thermal stability,chemical structure,and crystal structure.The porosity of SCM was 83.33%.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)results showed that SCM had good spherical structure and porous structure on the surface.Infrared spectrometry(FT-IR)showed that the characteristic peak intensity of SCM was stronger than SC.Thermogravimetric(TG)results showed that the SCM had good thermal stability.And X-ray diffraction(XRD)results showed that the crystal structure of the SCM changed during the preparation process.And the SCM had typical typeⅡcellulose crystal structure.3.SCM and macroporous resins(HPD100,HPD300,HPD600 and AB-8)were selected to carry out static adsorption experiments on two active components of quercetin and isoquercetin in Qinglongyi,which showed that the adsorption capacity of SCM was almost twice of resin.Pseudo-first-order,pseudo-second-order kinetics,and intraparticle diffusion models were used to simulate the kinetic adsorption behavior of SCM.And Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal adsorption models were used to simulate the thermodynamic adsorption behavior of SCM.The results showed that SCM was more consistent with the second-order kinetic model,and R~2 of Langmuir model was larger than that of Freundlich model.Chemisorption played an important role in this process and it was a monomolecular adsorption behavior.In the desorption experiments,60%methanol was selected as the desorption solution of quercetin,and the desorption quantity was 669μg/g.Isoquercetin was desorbed with 90%methanol,and the desorption quantity was 517μg/g.Through further purification experiments,the purity of isoquercetin was 73.775%,and the recovery was 62.71%.The purity of quercetin was 84.510%,and the recovery was 83.74%.After five cycles,The adsorption capacity of SCM could still reach 88.7%,which indicated that SCM had good reusability.4.A total of 387 chemical components of Qinglongyi were obtained through network data using network pharmacology method,and 88 compounds with biological significance were screened by Swiss ADME platform.707 drug component targets were predicted by Swiss Target Prediction database.Combined with Gene Cards,OMIM and Di Ge NET,a total of 3483 tumor-related targets were screened.A total of 332intersection targets were obtained by mapping component targets to disease targets.Using database of String and software of Cyto Scape 3.7.2,drug and disease target interaction(PPI)network was constructed,by which 86 key targets were obtained.Key targets were analyzed by database of Metascape for GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment,thus a total of 1633 GO biological processes and 170 KEGG pathways were obtained.the“component-target-pathway”network diagram is made by using Cyto Scape3.7.2 to predict that targets with high degree values such as HSP90AA1,SRC,ESR1,EGFR,PIK3CA,CDK2 and GSK3B are the core anti-tumor targets of Qinglongyi.Galeon,cumin,quercetin,kaanthol,Dibutyl phthalate,Plumbagin,Juglone,and others are the main anti-tumor components of Qinglongyi,which may act on tumors and cancers by regulating PI3K-Akt and Wnt signaling pathways.