| Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)have been widely used in industry applications and consumer products due to their unique hydrophobic and olephobic property,high surface activity and excellent chemical stability.In this study,twenty-one PFASs were analyzed in leachate,fly ash and bottom ash samples collected from three municipal solid waste(MSW)incineration plants in Shenzhen,and serum and urine samples collected from workers of five waste recycling plants in Guangzhou.This study provides data support for understanding the migration,transformation and fate of PFASs in MSW incineration plants and theoretical basis for optimizing the management and efficiency of MSW incineration plants.In addition,it evaluates the exposure of waste recycling plant workers to PFASs and provides guidance for reducing their exposure to PFASs.The mean concentration of PFASs were 215 ng/m L(21.4-682 ng/m L)in leachate,16.4 ng/g(1.46-87.6 ng/g)in fly ash and 14.6 ng/g(3.12-77.4 ng/g)in bottom ash.Among different incineration plants,the mean concentration of PFASs in leachate were 410 ng/m L in Plant A,205ng/m L in Plant B and 67.9 ng/m L in Plant C.The results show that the concentration of PFASs in the leachate was higher with the increase of the waste disposal capacity.In general,PFBS and PFBA were the most abundant substances in leachate with the contribution rate of 50% and 31%.PFOS was the most important PFASs in fly ash and bottom ash and their contribution rate were46% and 45%,respectively.The predominant PFASs in leachate and bottom ash from different MSW incineration plants were different,while PFOS was predominant substance in fly ash among different plants.The concentration and composition of PFASs in leachate,fly ash and bottom ash in different incineration plants were different,which was caused by the different types,quantities and incineration processes of MSW.The high concentration of PFASs in the leachate indicated that there was a large amount of PFASs in MSW,which had adverse effects on the ecological environment and human health.Compared with the leachate,the lower concentration of PFASs in fly ash and bottom ash indicated that the high temperature may have certain effect on the degradation of PFASs.The mean concentration of PFASs in serum and urine of waste recycling plant workers were31.3 ng/m L(7.51-107 ng/m L)and 66.6 ng/m L(5.17-295 ng/m L),respectively.Concentrations of PFASs in serum of waste recycling plant workers were higher than those in non-occupational exposed people,indicating that recyclable wastes,including metal,electronic products,rubber and plastic materials may be an important source of human exposure to PFASs.PFOS and PFDPA were the predominant PFASs in serum with the contribution rate of 21%,followed by PFBA and PFHXs with the contribution rate of 13% and 11%,respectively.A significant positive correlation existed in PFOS and PFHx S,which dues to the source of PFHx S was impurities produced during the production and use of PFOS.In the urine,PFBA(42.0 ng/m L)and PFPEA(21.1 ng/m L)accounted for 58% and 29% of the total PFASs,respectively,and PFCAs accounted for more than 90% of the total PFASs.The high content of short-chain PFASs was due to the higher metabolic rate of short-chain PFASs than long-chain PFASs.We explored the effects of gender,age,working years,position,and company on human exposure on PFASs.The levels of PFASs were higher in men than in women,consistent with the previous studies,while the levels of PFASs were similar in them.The effect of physico-chemical properties of PFASs,economic level and habits of workers,and the surrounding environment on PFASs needs further study. |
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