| Lignocellulosic biomass is extensive,economical,and of great significance for development and utilization.Furfural,which has a wide range of applications and great economic value,is a kind of high value platform chemical derived from lignocellulosic biomass.However,environmental pollution,equipment corrosion and low production rate have been restricting the development of related industries for a long time,so it is very important to explore a new way for green and efficient production of furfural.In view of this,this research used bamboo hemicellulose and xylose as raw materials,Br（?）nsted acidic ionic liquid as the reaction phase,and organic solvents as the extraction phase,to establish a practical and feasible biphasic reaction system.The reaction conditions were optimized and the influence of different factors on furfural production was discussed.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:1.Bamboo hemicellulose and xylose were used to produce furfural under microwave irradiation in a biphasic medium,in which 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate（[Bmim]HSO4）served as the reaction phase and catalyst,whereas 1,4-dioxane served as the extraction phase.The effects of retention time,temperature,[Bmim]HSO4 dosage,and water addition on the furfural yield were evaluated.Results showed that the highest total furfural yields of xylose and BH could reach 55.65 mol%and 68.37 mol%,respectively,which were further enhanced to 63.87 mol%and 85.69mol%,respectively,by adding a small amount of water.The kinetic analysis showed the dehydration rate constant of the formed xylose from BH to furfural was almost twice that of directly using xylose as substrate.Compared with the hydrolysis of BH to xylose,the dehydration of xylose to furfural required higher activation energy.The activation energy of consuming furfural to form by-products was higher than 73 k J/mol.The recycled[Bmim]HSO4 performed great reusability,and a small amount of ethanol residue could enhance the total furfural yields of xylose and BH,up to 73.48 mol%and88.28 mol%,respectively.2.[Bmim]HSO4 ionic liquid and metal salt catalyst were used to co-catalyze the production of furfural from bamboo hemicellulose.Metal salt catalysts,such as Sn Cl2·2H2O,Al Cl3·6H2O,Fe Cl3·6H2O and Zr（SO4）2·4H2O,were added equimolarly at a molar ratio of 0.02:1 relative to[Bmim]HSO4.Results showed that Zr（SO4）2·4H2O performed good catalytic activity,and the highest total furfural yield of 90.64 mol%of bamboo hemicellulose was obtained at 140 ℃ for 20 min.In addition,under the optimized conditions,the total furfural yields of xylose and arabinose were 62.03 mol%and 42.18 mol%,respectively,which were lower than the total furfural yields of bamboo hemicellulose.As the number of cycles increases,the catalytic activity of the catalyst gradually decreased.After simple distillation under reduced pressure,the content of furfural in the furfural fraction accounted for 60.35%,and other components were 1,4-dioxane.3.A furfural plant with an annual output of 600 tons from bamboo hemicellulose as the design task was designed,including the general layout of the plant,product plan,material balance and equipment selection,hydropower budget,and technical and economic accounting,according to relevant design requirements.Auto CAD was used to draw the relevant drawings of the furfural plant,and the furfural factory was expected to achieve the required output and profitability. |
