The Construction Of Niche Evaluation System And Spatial Distribution Optimization Of Mountainous Village

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization,significant changes have taken place in the urban-rural geographical structure,industrial structure and social structure.However,the development of the vast rural areas is relatively lagging.Due to the vast rural area in China,it’s difficult to guide the development of rural construction in an orderly manner,which results in a long-term situation of extensive use of land,scattered distribution,and disorderly expansion of rural land.In the mountainous area,restricted by slope,elevation and other topographical factors,problems such as scattered distribution of rural settlements,backward infrastructure,and low utilization rate of public service resources are particularly prominent.The idea of optimizing the spatial distribution of mountain villages needs to be closer to the characteristics and reality of mountain development.This paper takes X County as study area,introduces the niche theory into the village distribution optimization process,constructs the niche theoretical framework for the village distribution optimization,and proposes strategies for the optimization of the village layout based on the coordination of the village ecosystem.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Analyze the current characteristics and existing problems of village land in the study area by using spatial autocorrelation and landscape pattern analysis to explore the scale,density,and distribution characteristics of village land.As result,the village land in the study area is generally small and fragmented,and presents the characteristics of low-value agglomeration in space.(2)Based on the niche suitability evaluation of village land,the key factors affecting the suitability of construction land in mountain villages are selected from the three aspects of site conditions,production conditions,and ecological conditions to construct an evaluation system.The development conditions of the villages in the study area are at a low-middle level.(3)Construct an evaluation system based on the three dimensions of village scale,public service level,and village construction level,and conduct comprehensive evaluation of village niche.Respectively calculate and analyze the dimensional niche,comprehensive niche,niche overlap,and niche expansion and compression of the village,which provide sufficient basis for explaining the current development status of the village,the future development potential,and the resource-sharing relationship between the villages.(4)Based on the evaluation of village niche suitability and comprehensive evaluation of village niche,the theoretical framework of village niche is formed.Under this framework,it is classified according to village group-village development level-village classification,and finally put forward strategies from the two aspects of group and village type.First,villages are divided into six village groups,and then the villages are divided into three types of development levels:high,medium,low.Finally,divide villages into four types:key development,suburban integration,agglomeration and promotion,decline and merge.Integrating the above results of layout optimization,put forward implementation countermeasures from the group unit and individual village aspects.