| With the rapid development of economy,environment pollution and energy shortage have become one of the difficult problems in the world.Therefore,it is great significance to develop new alternative energy sources and energy storage technologies.Because of its wide source of fuel and no pollution to the environment,fuel cells accord with the concept of green chemistry and attract the attention of researchers.At present,precious metal catalysts are used as electrode materials for fuel cells,but their high price and low reserves limit the large – scale use in industry.Therefore,the search for suitable cathode and anode materials for fuel cells has become a global research hotspot.Carbon – based catalysts are an ideal and inexpensive electrode material for fuel cells reported in many literatures.Hohhot,as the milk capital of China,has a large output of milk.In the process of milk transportation,there will be the problem of waste milk residue in the pipeline.The final product is acid – base neutralization salt and waste milk.The waste milk is still rich in protein,phospholipid and other substance.In this paper,milk is used as biomass – based carbon materials,and the neutralized salt is used as a template.Using the protein and phospholipid contained in milk itself as nitrogen source and phosphorus source directly synthesized by high temperature calcination.It has been reported that the incorporation of transition metal element can further improve the catalytic performance of phosphorous – nitrogen doped carbon – based materials.Moreover,transition metal will pore by itself under high temperature.The addition of transition metal will increase the specific surface area of catalyst and improve the performance of catalyst.In this paper,the synthesis of 3D porous phosphorous – nitrogen dual – doped transition metal – carbon – based catalysts as electrode materials for fuel cells was characterized as follow:1.In system one,a series of 3D porous phosphorus – nitrogen double –doped carbon – based catalysts mixed with different transition metal were prepared and characterized.It was found that these catalysts all had three –dimensional porous stereoscopic structure,which was beneficial to improve the catalytic activity of the catalysts.Electrochemical characterization of this series of catalysts shows that the catalyst doped with metal Ni has good glucose oxidation performance and is an ideal anode material for fuel cell.It can be found that the electrode has high sensitivity,low detection limit and strong anti – interference performance.It is an ideal electrode material for non– enzymatic glucose sensor.2.The second system is to test the oxygen reduction reaction of a series of 3D porous phosphorous – nitrogen double – doped carbon – based catalysts with different transition metal in system one.Through electrochemical characterization,it is found that these catalysts have oxygen reduction performance in alkaline electrolyte.The 3D porous phosphorus – nitrogen double – doped carbon – based catalysts with Co elements have better oxygen reduction performance,but there is still a certain gap compared with the commercial benchmark catalyst Pt / C.Therefore,the system optimized the3 D porous phosphorus – nitrogen dual – doped carbon – based materials with Co elements.By adjusting the ratio of milk to salt,it was determined that the Co @ CNP – 1:20 had better oxygen reduction performance in alkaline electrolyte.The peak potential is 900 m V,and the half – wave potential is 810 m V,which is comparable to that of platinum – based catalyst.Synthesis of catalyst Co @ CNP – 1:20 provides ideas for cathode materials for fuel cells.3.Since the above two systems have excellent glucose oxidation performance and oxygen reduction performance,Ni @ CNP and Co @ CNP-1:20 are used as the materials at the two poles of the fuel cell,and 200 Ωresistance and 0.1 M KOH electrolyte are used to assemble a simple fuel cell,which has the current signal after a long period of time.Therefore,it is of great reference value to use 3D porous carbon – based materials with phosphorus – nitrogen mixed transition metal as electrode materials for fuel cell. |
