| Hematophagia mosquito is an important health pest distributed widely.Except for directly biting mammals,mosquito can spread dengue fever,malaria,yellow fever,epidemic encephalitis,and other public health diseases in the process of sucking blood,which directly endangers the health of humans and animals,and even threatens the safety of life.Therefore,the research on the prevention and control of hematophagia mosquitoes has attracted much attention.In this study,the attractive effects of different concentrations of chemical attractants were tested towards two species of mosquitos(Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus),and the best chemical attractant was selected.Then,we tested the attractive effect,timeliness and formability of different vectors adsorbed by the best chemical attractant,and then combined the best vector and the best chemical attractant to manufacture the mosquito lure.The attractive effect of the combination of mosquito lure and a trap fan was tested in laboratory and human environment respectively.The main results were listed as follows:1.Attractive effect of different chemical attractants on Ae.aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatusUsing n-heptanoic acid as the solvent,RS(300 mg/m L)was respectively matched with eight concentrations of XC to formulated different chemical attractants,the attractive effect of which were tested on Ae.aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatus.The mouse and blank were set as controls.The results showed that the "550 mg/m L XC + 300 mg/m L RS" had the highest attracting rate to the both species of mosquitoes.The attracting rate of the chemical attractant to Ae.aegypti was 75.0%,and the attracting rate of the chemical attractant to Cx.quinquefasciatus was 90.8%,which were all significantly higher than that of 350 mg/m L XC and controls.Using n-heptanoic acid as the solvent,four concentrations XC and four concentrations RS were mixed respectively to form sixteen attractants,the attractive effect of which were tested on Ae.aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatus.The mouse and blank were set as controls.The results showed that the "550 mg/m L XC + 100 mg/m L RS" had the highest attracting rate for both species of mosquitoes among the 16 attractants.The attracting rate of the chemical attractant to Ae.aegypti was 55.1%,and the attracting rate of the chemical attractant to Cx.quinquefasciatus was 79.4%.Statistical analysis showed that the attracting rate of “550 mg/m L XC + 300 mg/m L RS” attractant to both species of mosquitoes was significantly higher than that of “550 mg/m L 1-octene-3-ol +100 mg/m L RS" attractant.Therefore,we selected "550 mg/m L XC + 300 mg/m L RS" as the attractant formulation to combine with different vectors in order to screen out the best mosquito lure.2.Attractive effect of attractant lures with different vectors on Ae.aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatusWe respectively adsorbed 2m L chemical attractant(550 mg/m L XC + 300 mg/m L RS)into 5 vectors(sponge,gum arabic,alumina,coagulation powder and glucose)to make 5 test mosquito lures.The mosquito attractant product purchased in the market was set as a control.The attractive effect of different vector mosquito lures was tested on Ae.aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatus.The results showed that the attracting rates of the sponge mosquito lure to the two mosquitoes were the highest among the five mosquito lures: the attracting rate to Ae.aegypti was 60.3%,and the attracting rate to Cx.quinquefasciatus was 83.5%.We tested timeliness of five test mosquito lures after being placed for 0d,10 d,20d and 30 d.The results showed that there were no significant differences in the attracting rates to Ae.aegypti for 0d,20 d,and 30 d,and the attracting rate was about 48.5%;there were no significant differences in the attracting rates to Cx.quinquefasciatus for 0d,10 d,20d,and 30 d,and the attracting rate was about 75%.It can be seen that the sponge mosquito lure has a high attractivity to mosquitoes within 30 days and is relatively stable.After a 30-day forming observation,we found that the morphology of sponge mosquito lure,aluminum mosquito lure,and glucose mosquito lure were stable as a solid state.Collectively,we selected sponge(the best vector)adsorbed with the best attractant(550 mg/m L XC + 300 mg/m L RS)as the optimizing mosquito lure to test the attractive effect on mosquitoes in indoor and human habitats.3.Attractive effect of the optimizing mosquito lure on Ae.aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatus in indoorIn indoor conditions,we used the trap fan to respectively test the attractive effect of the optimizing mosquito lure,the 365 nm trap lamp,the "mosquito lure + 365 nm trap lamp" on Ae.aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatus.The results showed that the attracting rate of the mosquito lure to Ae.aegypti was 60.2%,which was significantly higher than that of the 365 nm trap lamp(31.7%).The attracting rate of the sponge mosquito lure to Cx.quinquefasciatus was 60.8%,which was significantly lower than that of the 365 nm trap lamp(92.2%).The attracting rate of the "mosquito attractant + 365 nm trap lamp" to Ae.aegypti was 58.8%,which was not significantly different from that of the sponge mosquito lure;the attracting rate of the "mosquito attractant + 365 nm trap lamp" to Cx.quinquefasciatus was 74.0%,which was not significantly different from that of the 365 nm trap lamp.The mosquito lure and the 365 nm trap lamp were placed indoors at the same time to test the attractive effect on the two mosquitoes.The results showed that Cx quinquefasciatus was more sensitive to 365 nm trap lamp than Ae aegypti,while Ae aegypti was more sensitive to the mosquito lure than Cx quinquefasciatus.The mosquito lure was placed in the trap fan for 7d,14 d,and 20 d,and then their attractive effect was compared with that placed for 0d respectively.The results showed that there was no significant change in the attractive effect after the mosquito lure was placed in the trap fan for 21 days.4.Attractive effect of the optimizing mosquito lure on mosquitoes in human habitatIn order to test the attractive effect of the sponge mosquito lure in human habitat,we conducted the attractive effect test in a dormitory and outdoor environment of the Huazhong Agricultural University.In the dormitory,the average number of mosquitoes trapped by the sponge mosquito and the 365 nm trap lamp was three and eight,respectively.In the outdoor environment,the average number of mosquitoes trapped by the sponge mosquito lure was 14,which accounted for more than 55.2% of the total trapped insects;the average number of mosquitoes trapped by the 365 nm trap lamp was 12.2%,which only accounted for 8.0% of the total trapped insects;the average number of mosquitoes trapped by the "mosquito attractant + 365 nm trap lamp " was 24,only accounted for 12.9% of the total trapped insects;the average number of mosquitoes trapped by the blank control was three,only accounted for 28.6% of the total trapped insects.Obviously,the sponge mosquito lure has significant attractive effect and specificity on mosquitoes in the outdoor environment.The number of mosquitoes trapped by the "mosquito attractant + 365 nm trap lamp" was more than that by the sponge mosquito lure or the 365 nm trap lamp alone.Briefly,the combination of mosquito attractant and 365 nm trap lampcan increase attractive effect on mosquitoes in outdoor environment. |
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