Regional Ecological Risk Assessment And Prevention Based On "Ecological Sensitivity-Ecological Disturbance"

Under the background of ecological civilization construction of "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains",carrying out urban ecological risk assessment is the scientific basis for formulating urban sustainable development policies.This paper takes Tangshan City,Hebei Province as a case study area,based on the ecological problems reflected by the evolution of landscape patterns,and constructs a comprehensive ecological risk assessment model based on ecological sensitivity and ecological disturbance,thus providing a reference for the protection and development of the ecological space in Tangshan City.The main research contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Analysis of the evolution of landscape pattern in the study area.After ten years of development,the landscape pattern has changed,with the most significant increase in construction land area and decrease in wetland area.Population growth and the expansion of non-agricultural construction land such as large-scale industrial and transportation projects encroach on arable land,wetland and other ecological land,and the expansion of construction land is approaching the shoreline,which changes the pattern of coastal ecosystems and human activities bring disturbances to the ecosystem;parts of the northern region The replacement of forest land by agricultural land has caused the balance of the ecosystem to be broken,and the region is facing the risks of natural disasters such as soil erosion and geological disasters.From the perspective of the landscape pattern index,the overall increase in landscape patch density,increased fragmentation,and increased landscape heterogeneity in Tangshan City indicate that the interference of human activities on the study area has increased,the landscape structure of the study area has become increasingly complex,and the ecological functions of the landscape have been affected.(2)Constructing an index system for ecological risk assessmentBased on the ecological risk identification of the evolution of landscape pattern,the ecological "sensitivity-disturbance" risk assessment model was established,and four ecological sensitivity indicators of earthquake risk,geological disaster susceptibility,soil erosion sensitivity,and wetland sensitivity were selected.Mining mining,population Ecological risk assessment is carried out on the four ecological disturbance indicators of gathering,construction land layout and road traffic.(3)Divide risk levels and reveal the spatial distribution of ecological risksEstablish a comprehensive urban ecological risk index of ecological sensitivity index and ecological disturbance index,and divide it into four levels: high,medium,low,and low.Ecological high-risk areas are mainly distributed in Hangu Management Area,Caofeidian District and the southern coastal area of Laoting County,the main urban area of Tangshan City,the western part of Qian’an City,the northern part of Zunhua City,and the northern Qianxi County.The area is affected by geological disasters and humans.Joint disturbance of activities;the medium-risk areas are mainly distributed in the buffer areas of the high-risk areas;the ecologically low-risk areas and low-risk areas are mainly the central plain area,the terrain is flat,the economy is dominated by agriculture,the density of water system distribution is relatively low,and man-made Less interference.(4)Divide ecological control zones and propose corresponding control measuresThis paper comprehensively considers the results of ecological risk assessment and ecological function zoning,and divides the study area into Yanshan Mountain Water Conservation,Soil and Water Conservation and Biodiversity Maintenance Ecological Protection Red Line Area,Central Plain Water Conservation,Soil Conservation Ecological Protection Red Line Area,and Southern Coastal Water Conservation Area,Biodiversity maintenance,ecological protection red line area,three major ecological red line control areas and general ecological control areas.Propose corresponding management and control countermeasures for different ecological control areas.