Research On Ecological Risk Assessment Of Coal Mines In The Loess Area Of North Shanxi

On the vast land of China,there are many kinds of resources,among which coal is the most abundant,and the number of mining areas produced by the mining of coal resources is relatively large and widely distributed.The process of mining and utilizing coal resources will inevitably cause damage to the original local ecological environment,and this situation is becoming more and more intense,which has attracted widespread attention from relevant industry leaders and many domestic and foreign scientific research scholars.China’s coal resources are abundant and widely distributed,and their well mining usually causes the destruction of the original local ecological environment.The Shanxi,Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia coal base is affected by natural conditions and has a fragile ecological environment.Coal mining in this area is more likely to cause surface subsidence and cracks,which poses a great threat to regional land and space planning and ecological restoration.Taking into account that the ecological risk problems caused by coal mining in this type of area are complicated,the most direct impact on the development and utilization of the area is the change of regional micro-topography.This paper selects Shanxi Pingshuo Coal Mine No.3.Accurate geomorphological analysis of ecological risk assessment research in this area provides decision support for land reclamation in this area.This paper takes the No.3 Jingong Mine as the research object and a total of 40km~2of the affected area nearby.The study area is divided into 44,567 evaluation units of 30m×30m using the grid analysis method.The impact of the ecological environment is based on the changes in the geomorphology of the mining area caused by coal mining.The risk sources of the ecological risks caused by the mining process in the mining area and the corresponding risk receptors are analyzed,and the causal chain of ecological risk effects is constructed.,The mining area geological environment,land occupation and loss,and ecological vulnerability are based on the four criterion layers,including the evaluation system of 12 corresponding index factors.The multi-element superposition analysis method is used to obtain the ecological risk level and zoning situation of the area,which is a follow-up Provide basis for land reclamation and ecological restoration in this area.Based on the above analysis and data results,the main conclusions drawn in the article are as follows:(1)The main ecological risk problems caused by mining in the study area are ground fissures and surface subsidence.The main ecological risk sources are the mining passage area and the mining area near the opening within 10 kilometers.The specific spatial distribution The rule is that the risk value near the underground mining area is correspondingly higher,and the risk degree is more complicated.In addition,there are also aspects such as the reduction of soil quality,the increase of soil erosion,and the reduction of vegetation coverage.The serious impact of well mining is the unseen disaster.(2)On the basis of drones and high-resolution remote sensing images,the article obtains the basic topography and landform conditions through the analysis of relevant data and vector interpretation.The final ecological risk assessment results show that the risk level of the study area can be It is divided into four areas:low ecological risk area,medium ecological risk area,high ecological risk area,and extremely high ecological risk area.Among them,the extremely high-risk areas are mainly concentrated in the area about 5 kilometers near the unreclaimed wellhead,which is the actual underground mining operation area.The main risk problems in this area are subsidence and ground cracks;the ecological high-risk areas are mainly concentrated around the underground operations Within about 10 kilometers.The soil erosion in this area is moderate erosion,and the main problems are ground fissures and poor soil quality.(3)Based on the evaluation level of risk zoning,it is known that land reclamation in the study area should focus on solving problems such as subsidence,ground cracks,and soil erosion.The change of the original landform and the destruction of the surrounding ecological environment caused by mining activities are rapid and irreversible.Some engineering measures need to be taken in the follow-up to prevent and minimize the damage.