| Objectives Long-term ionizing radiation may cause a variety of damage to the health of radiation workers.In recent years,the measures of radiation protection continuous be strengthen,the incidence of radiation workers whose individual doses exceeding the health standard limits has gradually decreased.Will radiation workers still be harmed if the dose of a person exposed to radiation falls below the exposure limit? What characteristics of changes will have? There is still no final conclusion.In order to explore the characteristics of the dynamic change and distribution rules of the health status of radiation workers who is below the limit,as well as provide reference basis for further improvement and perfection of the health monitoring of radiation work,the health status of radiation workers in a city in Henan has been studied for 4 years by the research.Methods1.Investigation on basic situation of occupational exposure to radiation equipment in the city To investigate the basic situation of the technical means,types and quantity of radiological equipment used by 225 enterprises and institutions in a city.Statistics on the basic occupational exposure of radiation workers in a city.2.Investigation on individual dose of ionizing radiation exposure of radiation workers in a city The individual dose of occupational external exposure of radiation workers in the city was detected and collected.Statistical analysis was conducted according to the ‘Personal Monitoring of Occupational Exposure’(GBZ 128-2019),grouped by type of institution,specialty,region,hospital level,length of service.3.Investigation on health status of radiation workers in a city from 2017 to 2020 Occupational health examinations has been carried out for radiation workers in the city from 2017 to 2020.According to the ‘Technical Specifications for Occupational Health Monitoring of Radiation Workers’(GBZ 235-2011)and ‘Health Requirements for Radiation Workers’(GBZ 98-2017),dynamic analysis was made on the demographic characteristics and abnormal physical examination indicators.To explore the dynamic changes and rules of blood pressure,white blood cell,eye lens,micronuclear rate,chromosomal aberration,color ultrasound of abdominal,thyroid and other indicators of radiologists with different genders,ages,length of service,professions and positions.4.Statistical method Data was input in Excel,and analysis through SPSS27.0.Independent-sample T test was used for comparison of two independent samples,and anova analysis were used for comparison of multiple independent samples.Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between counting data,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results1.Basic situation of occupational exposure to radiation equipment in a city Through investigation,it is found that in recent years,the occupational exposure of large radiation equipment(DR,X-CT,etc.)in a city has increased rapidly,and the number of nuclear medicine equipment has broken through zero as a new radioactive source.Occupational exposure mainly comes from various types of accelerators in radiotherapy instead of Co-60 teletherapy unit.Compared with each district and county,the urban area had the most occupational contact.2.Individual dose of radiation workers in this city The personal effective dose of 1413 radiation workers in this city ranged from0.03 to 11.6 m Sv/a,and the annual effective dose was 1.41 m Sv/a in 2017,which is far less than 10% of the limit 20 m Sv/a in hygienic standard.Further analysis showed that interventional radiology was the highest dose(1.74 m Sv/a),and others were lower than 1.5m Sv/a.There was no significant difference among different institution,region,hospital level,length of service.This city’s individual doses are at a high level compared to other area.3.Health status of radiation workers in this city There are 166,109,129,50 people showed no obvious abnormality in physical examination from 2017 to 2020,accounting for 14.2%,12.37%,10.21%,5.6%,and the health rate decreased year by year.Abnormal rates of abdominal ultrasound and blood pressure were the highest and increased year by year,and the abnormal rate of male was much higher than that of female(P<0.05).The abnormal rate of skin and micronucleus cell rate was the lowest.The abnormal rates of thyroid and lens were increased with the increase of working years(P<0.05).The abnormal rates of white blood cell and thyroid gland in females were higher than those in males for four consecutive years(P<0.05).There were significant differences in WBC among gender,age and specialty(P<0.05),and the WBC was the lowest in female,advanced age group and interventional radiology workers.Conclusions1.In recent ten years,the number of radiation-type equipment in the city increased rapidly.The personal dose level of occupational external exposure of radiation workers is within the limit of health standards.2.The health status of the city’s radiation workers in 2017-2020 is generally good.The incidence of the target disease was low and stable within four years.Most indicators are affected by gender,age and length of service.Women,elderly radiologists and radiologists specializing in interventional radiology should pay special attention to the occupational protection of white blood cells,lens and thyroid. |
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