Research On Evacuation Process And Optimization Technology In High-speed Train Fire Scenario

High-speed trains have the characteristics of high passenger capacity,low time-consuming,and high punctuality,and have gradually become the main means of transportation.The subsequent train safety issues have been widely concerned by people.As a long and narrow confined space,the train is densely packed and narrow.In the event of a fire,it is difficult to evacuate people,which can easily cause severe consequences of mass deaths and injuries.Therefore,the research on the evacuation of high-speed trains has extremely important theoretical significance and engineering practical application value.The spatial layout and size of the train are also important factors affecting the efficiency of safe evacuation of personnel.This research can effectively design an Asian human body shape.Train layout provides theoretical guidance to improve train safety.Taking CRH380 D three second-class carriages as the research object,without changing the overall external structure of the train,this paper conducts research on the optimization technology of the internal structure size and spatial layout of the train,and mainly completes the following tasks:(1)Through many field investigations,obtain the detailed spatial layout and structural dimensions of the train,and observe the evacuation route of the train in emergency;on this basis,read a large number of documents to determine the safety evacuation standard of train personnel,and analyze the factors affecting the safety evacuation of personnel.Determine the space layout and size range of the train.(2)Quantitative analysis of the evacuation process under the original layout size of the train.Use Pathfinder evacuation software to establish evacuation models under different fire scenarios.When the fire source is located in the middle of the middle carriage and the end seats,analyze the evacuation process of the train without changing the spatial layout and size,and obtain the evacuation time is 99.03 s and 160.03 s.(3)Quantitatively evaluate the safety of train personnel.Using Pyro Sim to build a train model,when the fire source is located in the middle of the middle carriage and the end seat,the available safe evacuation time for different fire source positions is 309 s and 293 s,respectively,and compared with the necessary safe evacuation time.The results show that the available safe evacuation time of the end fire is less than the necessary safe evacuation time,some passengers in the fire scene can not be evacuated to a safe area in time.Passengers in the car are easily crowded in the aisles,seats and outer doors.It is urgent to optimize the size and spatial layout of the train to ensure that ASET is greater than RSET.(4)According to the optimized simulation results,the influence of single factors such as aisle spacing,seat spacing,door width,etc.and multiple factors coupling on the evacuation time are analyzed,and the relative optimal structural size and spatial layout reference system of the train is determined.Research shows that under the single-factor structure optimization,the aisle distance is set to 675 mm,and the evacuation time is shortened by 15.25s;the seat distance is set to 1000 mm,and the evacuation time is shortened by 13.25s;the width of the outer door and the passage door is set to 1040 mm,and the evacuation time is shortened respectively 14.5s and 14.25 s.Under the optimization of single factor layout,the evacuation time required for the door in the middle of the train is longer than the door at the end;the use of two-end doors for evacuation can increase the evacuation efficiency by more than double;the change of the seat layout has a more obvious impact on the evacuation time,and at the same time It can increase the number of passengers and improve the utilization rate of train space.Train structure size and spatial layout after multiple factors coupling optimization: the aisle width should be set to 675 mm,the outer door width should be set to 1040 mm,the passage door width should be set to 1040 mm,and other layouts and dimensions should remain the original layout and size.The optimized safe evacuation time is 31.5s shorter than the evacuation time under the original layout,and the evacuation efficiency is increased by 19.68%.The optimization effect is obvious.The size and layout can ensure that passengers in the fire scene can be evacuated in time.The research results of the thesis can provide scientific and theoretical basis for effectively optimizing train layout and rationally formulating emergency evacuation and rescue system,ensuring that passengers can be evacuated to safe areas in time under fire scenarios,and improving train fire safety.