Research On Pilot’s Resting Brain Function Based On Amplitude Of Low Frequency Fluctuation

Objective:As the operator of the aircraft,the pilot’s personal flight level will directly affect the safe operation of the aircraft.With the increase of unsafe incidents caused by human factors,it has very important theoretical and practical significance to explore the brain function mechanism of pilots and flight.Methods:In this study,26 pilots and 24 ground workers were scanned by rs-f MRI,and the parameters of mALFF and rs-FC were analyzed to explore the different areas of pilot brain function,and the correlation between the values of mALFF and rs-FC and the flight duration of pilots was explored.Find the advanced neural mechanisms associated with flight training.By calculating the mALFF value,the two-sample t-test is used for the two sets of mALFF data in the classic frequency band,and then the GRF correction processing is performed to obtain the difference brain areas between the groups,and the difference brain area mALFF value and the pilot’s flight time are analyzed by Pearson correlation to explore the brain areas Change the relationship with flight duration;perform a mixed design analysis of variance（ANOVA）on the two sets of sub-frequency bands of mALFF data,compare the main effects between the two groups and between the frequency bands,and perform GRF correction on the results to obtain the differences between the groups and frequency bands.Area.The brain regions with significant differences between the two groups of classical frequency band and sub-frequency band were used as seed points to do rs-FC calculation with the whole brain to investigate the difference in the rest state functional connection mode of the whole brain between the groups.Results:1.The classic frequency band mALFF resultsThe mALFF value of the Cuneus_L and cerebellum_6R area of the flight group was significantly higher than that of the control group.2.Sub-band mALFF results（1）The results of the main effect between groups showed that the mALFF value of the flight group increased in the Occipital_Mid_L,Cuneus_L,Occipital_Sup_R,Parietal_Sup_R,and Paracentral_Lobule_L.The mALFF value decreased in brain areas including the Calcarine_L and Frontal_Sup_R;.（2）The results of the main effect between frequency bands show that the areas with higher mALFF values in the slow-5 band are mainly located in the Frontal_Mid_Orb_L;the brain areas with increased mALFF values in the slow-4 band are the Fusiform_L,Putamen_L,and Thalamus_R;（3）The results of sub-band analysis: the brain area with increased mALFF value in the slow-4 frequency band flight group is the Cuneus_L;the brain area with significantly increased mALFF value in the slow-5 frequency band flight group is the cerebellum_6R,the Cuneus_L,and the Paracentral_Lobule_L;The mALFF value of the Calcarine_L decreased.3.rs-FC resultsClassical frequency band: With the Cuneus_L as the ROI,the functional connection between the Cuneus_L and the Lingual_R of the flight group was significantly enhanced,and the functional connection between the left cuneiform and the Postcentral_L was significantly reduced.Sub-band: In the slow-4 frequency band,the Cuneus_L is used as the ROI,and the functional connection between the Cuneus_L of the flight group and the Lingual_R is significantly enhanced;the Cuneus_L in the slow-5 frequency band is the ROI,and the functional connections between the Cuneus_L and the Lingual_R and the Precuneus_L were significantly enhanced.With the Paracentral_Lobule_L as the ROI,the functional connection between the pilot’s Paracentral_Lobule_L and the cerebellum_Crus2_R area showed an increasing trend.4.Correlation results of flight group mALFF,rs-FC and flight hoursClassical frequency band: the pilot’s Cuneus_L（r=0.419,P=0.047）,cerebellum_6R（r=0.7,p=0.001）,the values of mALFF are positively correlated with their flight duration;Slow-4 frequency band: The mALFF value of the pilot’s Cuneus_L is positively correlated with the number of flight hours（r=0.458,P=0.028）;Slow-5 frequency band: the pilot’s Cuneus_L（r=0.508,P=0.013）,cerebellum_6R（r=0.655,P=0.001）,the mALFF value is positively correlated with the number of flight hours;cerebellum_Crus2_R（R=0.500,P=0.015）,the Precuneus_L（r=0.441,P=0.035）rs-FC value is positively correlated with the number of flight hours.Conclusion:The study found that pilots have significant changes in the spontaneous activities of brain neurons related to functions such as visual networks,default networks,and body movements compared with ordinary professionals.Classical frequency band studies have found that after long-term flight training,pilots have significantly enhanced functions in visual and spatial information processing and physical coordination compared with ordinary professionals,and that the mALFF and rs-FC values of the brain in some enhanced areas are positively correlated with flight duration.There are signs of weakening of brain function in terms of spatial position discrimination,but there is no correlation between the mALFF value of this weakened brain area and the flight time.The reason for the weakened brain area function remains to be studied.The sub-band study found that there are also differences in the spontaneous brain activity of pilots between different frequency bands,indicating that the areas of pilot brain function change are different in sensitivity to the slow-4 frequency band and the slow-5 frequency band,and more can be found in the slow-5 frequency band The different brain regions can be used as a sensitive indicator to explore the mechanism of pilots’ special brain functions.