| Lead-acid batteries have developed matured gradually at present,and there is a wide range of applications in the market.However,its performance will gradually decline during use until it is scrapped.The elements and substances such as lead,antimony,and sulfuric acid contained in it will cause serious pollution problems if they are allowed to flow into the natural environment and not be recycled and processed.Therefore,it is particularly important to find an efficient,green and economical recycling method for waste lead-acid batteries.Based on this,this article launches the following research:（1）The recycling process of waste lead-acid battery separator paper is studied.After the separator paper is broken,it is eluted under heating conditions.And the influence of the elution temperature,the amount of detergent,the ratio of HNO3and Na Cl and the specification of the separator paper on the elution effect is studied.The results show that the size of the separator paper is 1～3 cm2,the elution temperature is80℃,and the detergent TX-10 is added according to m（separator paper）:m（detergent）=50:7,n（HNO3）:n（Na Cl）=2:1,the lead removal rate is the largest,which is 79.5%.The eluted separator paper is heat-treated at 230°C for 10 minutes,ground into powder,and pressed into tablets.And the contact angle with deionized water is measured to be 104°,indicating that it has good hydrophobicity and can be used as a potential plastic construction template filler.（2）The recovery of lead by acid leaching from lead-acid battery smelting lead slag is studied.Elemental analysis shows that the lead content in the lead slag is 3.32%.Using HNO3/Na Cl as the leaching agent,the effects of liquid-solid ratio,acidity,AEO-9addition,the ratio of HNO3and Na Cl,and leaching temperature on the leaching effect were studied.The results show that:when the leaching temperature is 80℃,the p H is 0,0.04～0.06 g AEO-9 is added for every 30 g acid leaching solution,the liquid-to-solid ratio is 15:2 and the ratio of the amount of HNO3to Na Cl is 2:3,the maximum lead leaching rate is 88.5%.And the lead content in the residue is less than 2%,which meets the discharge standard.The leached lead is precipitated with Na2C2O4and calcined to obtain red lead and yellow lead to complete the recovery of lead.（3）Taking desulfurized lead paste as raw material,tetrabasic lead sulfate（4BS）is synthesized by adding dispersant.The main components of the desulfurization lead paste are Pb CO3（45.05%）,Pb O（27.4%）,Pb O2（25.04%）,and the lead element content calculated is 83.79%.The effects of sulfuric acid addition,calcination temperature,calcination time,liquid-solid ratio,dispersant type and addition amount on the synthesis of tetrabasic lead sulfate are studied.The product is analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy,and the results show that:when adding polyvinyl alcohol（PVA）as a dispersant according to m（desulfurization lead paste）:m（PVA）=18:1,n（Pb）:n（H2SO4）=5:1 to add sulfuric acid,adding deionized water at a liquid-solid ratio of 3:1,and calcinating at 600°C for 5 hours,the content of tetrabasic lead sulfate is the highest as 97.9%.This research mainly focuses on the separator paper deleading of waste lead-acid batteries,the acid leaching recovery of lead from smelting lead slag,and the preparation of tetrabasic lead sulfate from desulfurization lead paste to determine the most suitable process conditions for each process.And there is a significance for the recycling and reuse of lead-acid batteries and environmental protection. |
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