Research On Emission Reduction Decision-making Of Dual-channel Supply Chain Under The Carbon Cap-and-trade Policy

My government promised to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40% to 45% in 2020 compared with 2005.In November 2017,the national carbon quota allocation method was approved,and the carbon emission trading system was launched nationwide in December.At this stage,all carbon trading markets are running smoothly.The policy restricts the carbon emission of enterprises by quota and trading,which helps to achieve the social emission reduction targets.Environmental issues are increasingly valued,low-carbon concepts are gaining popularity,consumers’ awareness of environmental protection is enhanced.Enterprises are aware that active emission reduction can enhance their core competitiveness.Manufacturers’ emission reduction decisions have attracted the attention of the government and consumers.On the one hand,low-carbon constraints make them invest in carbon emission reduction,which increases the operating costs.Consumers’ low-carbon preferences make consumers’ demand increase with emission reduction.Under pressure and motivation,enterprises need to make decisions on carbon emission reduction to ensure maximize profits.The rapid development of network technology provides convenience for enterprises to open online channels.Offline channels have the advantages,forming a distribution system of online and offline.Manufacturers need to consider many factors when choosing channels,such as consumers’ acceptance of online channels and differences channel services.Under the low-carbon background,channel selection is more complex.It is an inevitable trend to study the emission reduction of dual channel supply chain and the channel selection under the background of low carbon.This paper uses consumer utility theory to describe consumer’s purchase behavior,constructs a dual-channel supply chain consumer demand model under the carbon quota trading policy,and considers carbon quota constraints,carbon trading price,consumer’s low-carbon preference and channel preference.The decentralized and centralized decision-making profit models of single-offline channel emission reduction,dual-channel non-emission reduction and dual-channel emission reduction supply chain were constructed respectively.With the goal,the optimal solutions of each model were obtained.Analyze the interrelationships among various factors,especially the influence of channel preference and low-carbon preference on manufacturer’s decision-making and profits of various entities in the supply chain,and analyze the impact of carbon quota trading policies and consumer preference on emission reduction decision.On this basis,through vertical comparison of the optimal profit and emission reduction rate of manufacturers and retailers under the decentralized model,the condition that profit in the dual channel emission reduction model is greater than that of other models is given.The emission reduction and channel selection decision of manufacturers are analyzed,and the reasonable range of parameters for manufacturers to open up online channels and make emission reduction decision is given.This paper also considers there is double marginal effect under decentralized decision,which will cause the profit of supply chain to be lower than that under centralized decision,introduces the cost sharing-revenue sharing joint contract to realize coordination,and gives the optimal contract parameters to achieve Pareto.Finally,the validity and the advancement of the model and contract are verified through the numerical example.The research content is roughly divided into two parts.The first is to build the supply chain model under the carbon quota trading policy,to study the influence of carbon quota,carbon trading price,consumers’ low-carbon preferences and channel preferences on the decision-making,and to analyze the emission reduction and channel selection decisions.The second is to study the contract coordination,and analyze the feasibility of cost sharing-revenue sharing joint contract.It is found that whether it is a dual-channel or single-channel supply chain,consumers’ low carbon preference and carbon quota have a positive impact on manufacturers’ emission reduction decisions,and the cost coefficient of carbon emission reduction has a negative impact on it;the carbon emission reduction rate increases first and then decreases with the increase of carbon quota transaction price.Comparing the dual-channel supply chain with or without carbon emission reduction decisions,it is found that the carbon quota trading policy has no effect on the retailer’s profit,mainly because the retailer has made decisions after the manufacturer and has evaded the impact of the carbon policy on it.In a certain range of online channel preference and low-carbon preference,manufacturers can improve their profits by opening up online channels and investing in emission reduction.At the same time,it also proves that the cost sharing-revenue sharing joint contract can realize the coordination of supply chain.