Preparation Of Camellia Seed Powder/Biodegradable Composites And Study On Adsorption Performance Of Their 3D-Printed Reactors

Plastics bring a lot of convenience to mankind,but also cause a series of environmental pollution problems.Therefore,using biodegradable materials has become one of the most effective way to address the plastic pollution issues.However,the application of biodegradable plastics is hindered due to the high cost,poor mechanical properties,functional deficiency and so on.Camellia seed powder(CSP)is obtained via grounding the camellia seed cake meal,which is a byproduct of camellia seed after defatting.The comprehensive utilization of camellia seed cake meal has been one of the bottlenecks in the development of camellia oil industry.CSP contains many active functional groups in the surface and a little crude grease.It is a promising way to decrease the cost of biodegradable plasitcs and realize their functional application by adding CSP into biodegradable materials.In this work,polylactic acid(PLA)and polybutylene succinate(PBS)was employed as matrix,CSP was used as functional filler.These three compounds were blended for preparing PLA/PBS/CSP composites.The functional application of the obtained composites on adsorbing organic dye was achieved by fused deposition modeling(FDM)technology and porous structure design.The details are as follow:Firstly,the physical and chemical properties of CSP were investigated.Then,PLA/PBS/CSP composites were prepared by blending PLA,PBS with various CSP contents.And the effect of CSP contents on the structure and performance of composites were investigated.The results show that,adding CSP into the composites could improve the compatibility of composites.The impact strength and elongation at break of composites increase with CSP content,and their values increase by 44.31% and 148.42% with 30 phr CSP content respectively,as compared with PLA/PBS blends.The CSP could be a heterogeneous nucleating agent and improve the crystallinity of composites.It also decreases the viscosity and improves the fluidity of composites,which is benefited for melt blending.But the mobility for molecular chains of PLA and PBS was hindered with excessive CSP.Secondly,PLA/PBS/CSP filaments were obtain by melt blending different content of CSP with PLA,PBS.And FDM technology was employed for printing various testing models.The structure and performance of 3D-printed PLA/PBS/CSP composites were explored.The adsorption efficiency of different kinds of simulated pollutants on 3Dprinted composites was also studied.The results show that the tensile strength of 3Dprinted samples is lower than that of injection molding samples,but that of 3D-printed samples could be enhanced by increaseing the printing flow.The functional groups of CSP still present in the 3D-printed PLA/PBS/CSP scaffolds after melt blending,which has the potential for functional applicaiton.The adsorption efficiency of the 3D-printed scaffold on methylene blue(MB)is the highest,followed by malachite green(MG),rhodamine B(Rh B),eosin B and congo red(CR),and no adsorption capacity for methyl orange(MO).Thirdly,to further improve the adsorption efficiency of composites,the porogen of PVA was introduced to blend with PLA,PBS and CSP for preparing PLA/PBS/CSP/PVA filament.FDM was utilized for printing testing models.These models were immersed in deionized water to leach out the PVA for forming porous structures.And the structure and performance of 3D-printed scaffolds were investigated.The adsorption efficiency of the3D-printed scaffold for various simulated pollutants was also studied,and the adsorption behaviors for MB were further discussed.The results show that PVA could be an effective porogen for 3D-printed adsorption materials,which could form porous structures in 3Dprinted scaffold and enhance hydrophilic ability.The adsorption efficiency of 3D-printed porous scaffold for different kinds of simulated containments is enhanced except MO,and that for Rh B shows the highest improvement.The adsorption of 3D-printed porous scaffold for MB is a spontaneous endothermic process,following the pseudo-second-order model.Meanwhile,Freundlich isotherm model is more suitable for describing the adsorption process.The adsorption mechanism may be involved the combined effects of ?-? stacking,hydrogen bonding and electrostatic force.