| Chia seeds are the seeds of a type of mint sage and are called oil seeds because of their 25-30% oil content.The oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids,which suggests that chia seed oil（CSO）is a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for people to replenish.Polyunsaturated fatty acids are related to many physiological functions of human body.In order to understand and develop more nutritional and medical values of CSO,this paper was conducted to study CSO.Firstly,the oil in chia seeds was extracted by hydroenzymatic method,soxhlet extraction method and pressing method,and the effects of the three extraction methods on the extraction rate of CSO were analyzed.The composition and content of fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer（GC-MS）,and the effects of two different heating methods on its acid value,peroxide value and saponification value were analyzed by the national standard method.The results showed that the highest extraction rate of 34.7% was obtained by the soxhlet extraction method among the three extraction methods,followed by the extraction rate of 32.1% by the press method and finally 18.1% by the water enzyme method;the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids in CSO by the press method,water enzyme method and soxhlet extraction method were 76.97%,76.32% and 77.97%,respectively;with conventional heating at 120 ℃,150 ℃,180 ℃ and 800 W microwave heating with heating times of 0 min,3 min,8 min,13 min,and 18 min,respectively,in which the acid value and peroxide value increased with increasing temperature and time,and the saponification value decreased with increasing temperature and time,and the differences between microwave heating and conventional heating on the oxidation rate and deterioration degree were small.Due to the lower cost of the pressing method,the higher extraction rate,and the relatively rich content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in CSO,the CSO extracted by pressing method was used for the follow-up study after comprehensive consideration.IThe offspring of Sprague-Dawley rats with early prenatal exposure to sodium valproate（VPA）-induced autism-like behavior were used to first determine whether the offspring rats had autism-like behavior,and then to study the effects of different doses of CSO on growth and development,behavior,oxidative stress levels,acetylcholinesterase activity,hippocampal histomorphology,and serotonin in the autism-like model rats.The results showed that the autism-like model rats exhibited slow growth and development,while the offspring rats treated with different doses of CSO remarkably increased body weight,body length,and tail length;In behavioral experiments,the total distance moved,the staying time in the central area and number of occurrences in the central area,the number of occurrences in the peripheral area and the socialization time were significantly decreased,and the number of marbles buried,the grooming time and the number of pellets defecated in unfamiliar environment were dramatically increased in the autism model rats,which indicated that the autism model rats had symptoms of social impairment,repetitive behavior and stereotypy and anxiety.And the treatment with different doses of CSO markedly alleviated these symptoms;In the oxidative stress level assay,the T-SOD and GSH-PX contents in the brain tissues of autism model rats were signally reduced,the MDA content was markedly increased,and the NO content in the serum was also observably increased,indicating that the oxidative stress level in the brain tissues of autism model rats was elevated.Different doses of CSO treatment reduced the level of oxidative stress;acetylcholinesterase activity,and there was no significant difference in acetylcholinesterase content in the autism model rats.while the activity was dramatically increased after treatment with medium and high doses of CSO;Acetylcholinesterase activity,there was no significant difference in acetylcholinesterase content in the autism model rats.While the activity was significantly increased after medium and high doses of CSO treatment;HE staining of brain tissue,neuronal crinkling,neuronal degeneration and cytoplasmic vacuolization in the hippocampus of autism model rats.While neuronal degenerative aspects were remarkably restored after high dose of CSO treatment;Serotonin levels in the hippocampus were significantly elevated in the autism model rats.It was memorably decreased after medium to high dose of CSO treatment.In conclusion,VPA induced the offspring rats into an autism model.In contrast,CSO increased growth and development,improved anxiety and stress levels,oxidative stress levels,neuronal degeneration,and decreased serotonin expression levels in a dose-dependent manner in the autism model rats,which led to the treatment of autism.For the nutritional value and medical research of CSO,this paper added CSO to the formula of soft candy,and developed a kind of CSO soft candy with health care function.The single factor experiment was carried out first to obtain the results,and then response surface experiment was used to optimize the results.The experimental results showed that the best formula was: 0.33 g sugar gelatin,0.8 g honey,0.8 g fruit juice,0.3 g CSO,the soft candy made with this formula has sufficient elasticity,bright color,moderate hardness,good taste and no greasy feeling.This provides a new idea for the utilization of CSO. |
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