Preparation Of Nanofluidic Channel Asymmetric Electrodes Based On 001 Crystalline Surface Regulated Growth Of Vanadi ?m-based Oxides And Their Performance In The Removal Of Heavy Metal Ions From Wastewater

The massive depletion and widespread contamination of available freshwater resources requires a constant search for sustainable,cost-effective and energy-efficient technologies to recover this valuable life-sustaining liquid.Based on these core points,capacitive deionisation(CDI)has emerged as a promising treatment technology to replace technologies such as re Verse osmosis and electrodialysis for the easy removal of ions or other charged substances from aqueous solutions through non-Faraday interactions or Faraday interactions,and is now being actively explored for water treatment,particularly in water applications desalination and wastewater remediation.CDI technology's The key e Valuation indicator is the removal capacity,which is directly influenced by the electrode material.The commonly used CDI electrode materials are now divided into non-Faraday and Faraday electrode materials.Non-Faraday electrode materials are often carbon based,but carbon based materials have a poor removal capacity,whereas Faraday electrode materials can have a high removal capacity due to the Faraday principle.Therefore,in this thesis,new vanadi?m pentoxide-n water(V₂O₅·nH₂O)and vanadi?m pentoxide-polyaniline(V₂O₅-PANI)cathode electrode materials were prepared by modification of Faraday electrode materials,and the composition,structure and electrochemical properties of the electrode materials were investigated.The main research and conclusions of the thesis are as follows:(1)V₂O₅·nH₂O nano-spinel materials with a highly ordered 3D pinning structure,binder-free and water molecule intercalation extension were prepared by a simple and green hydrothermal method using stainless steel mesh as the growth collector and V₂O₅as the basic structural unit,achie Ving the objective of embedding dipole molecular structured water into the crystal structure of V₂O₅to extend its lattice spacing,while forming an effective solvent.The V₂O₅·nH₂O nano-spines have a fast electron transport capacity and 10.17?nanofluidic channels,which provide the advantage of high-speed ion transport and storage.The V₂O₅·nH₂O nanospin materials were prepared as electrodes and applied for the first time in a CDI process,where they showed excellent electrochemical performance,with stable desalination of V₂O₅·nH₂O up to 112.5 mg/g at 100 mg/L Pb(NO₃)₂,1.2 V and 10 m L/min operating conditions.(2)Using V₂O₅as the basic structural unit,a V₂O₅-PANI nanoflower material with an ordered 3D nanoflower cluster structure was prepared by a simple and green hydrothermal method,which further enhanced the lattice spacing and reduced the embedding/embedding capacity of heavy metal ions by introducing flexible polyaniline pillars on the basis of the crystal structure of water molecules embedded in V₂O₅.The result is a stable increase in the embedding capacity of heavy metal ions.The V₂O₅-PANI nanoflower material has a 14.4?nanofluidic channel,which is difficult to be found in conventional crystalline materials,and facilitates the embedding/embedding of heavy metal ions.In addition to this,the conjugated polymer chain polyaniline molecule in the V₂O₅-PANI nanoflower material not only allows for a re Versible doping process in vanadi?m oxide allowing multiple ions to participate in the charge storage process,but also allows for flexibility in the structure of the crystal to reduce intercalation stress and thus improve cycling stability.The V₂O₅-PANI nanoflower material was prepared as an electrode and applied for the first time in a CDI process,where process showed excellent electrochemical performance,with stable desalination of V₂O₅-PANI up to 172.13 mg/g at 150 mg/L of Pb(NO₃)₂,1.2 V and 10 mL/min operating conditions.