Research On The Control System Of Oil Extraction Joint Station Based On PLC

With the reduction of crude oil reserves in my country and the increase of energy demand,the exploration of paraffin-based heavy crude oil in the petroleum industry has been accelerated.However,waxy crude oil has the characteristics of high freezing point,high viscosity,high wax content and poor low temperature fluidity,which brings huge challenges to crude oil extraction,transportation and storage.Therefore,the development of a new and efficient pour point depressant to improve the low temperature fluidity of oil has become a research focus at home and abroad.In this study,three different carbon nanomaterials(graphene oxide,carbon nanospheres,and carbon oxide nanotubes)were introduced on the basis of traditional polymer pour point depressants,and three carbon-based hybrid nano pour point depressants were prepared.The effect and mechanism of the nanocomposite pour point depressant were analyzed,which provides a theoretical basis for carbon-based nano-modification of traditional pour point depressants.The specific research work is as follows:Polyalphaolefin-octadecyl acrylate(PAA18)was prepared by esterification reaction and polymerization reaction,and the effect evaluation experiments of freezing point,rheological properties and wax crystal morphology were carried out on waxy simulated oil and crude oil from a certain block in Daqing.The study found that PAA18 can effectively reduce the freezing point and apparent viscosity of oil,and improve the low temperature flow properties.When the dosage of PAA18 reaches 1250 ppm,the freezing point of wax-containing simulated oil decreases from 30? to 19?.When the dosage of PAA18 reaches 1000 ppm or1250 ppm,the freezing point of Daqing crude oil drops from 34? to 25?.Graphene oxide(GO)was prepared by Hummer method.Using GO and PAA18 as raw materials,graphene oxide composite pour point depressants with different carbon contents(PAA18-0.5%GO,PAA18-1%GO,PAA18-1.5%GO)were prepared by solvothermal method.The successful preparation of the composite pour point depressant was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD).The composite pour point depressant has excellent dispersibility by optical microscope(OM)analysis.Finally,through the research on the freezing point,rheological properties and wax crystal morphology,it was found that PAA18-1%GO with a dosage of 1250 ppm had the best effect of reducing pour point and viscosity.Compared with PAA18,the drop of the freezing point of waxy simulated oil and Daqing crude oil can be increased by 4? and 5?.Carbon nanospheres(Cna)were prepared by glucose hydrothermal method,using Cna and PAA18 as raw materials.The carbon nanosphere composite pour point depressants(PAA18-0.5%Cna,PAA18-1%Cna,PAA18-1.5%Cna)with different carbon contents were prepared by solvothermal method.The successful preparation of the composite pour point depressant was confirmed by SEM,FTIR and XRD.The OM analysis proves that the carbon nanosphere composite pour point depressant has good dispersibility in the oil phase.Finally,through the research on the freezing point,rheological properties and wax crystal morphology,it is found that compared with PAA18,under the optimal dosage condition,PAA18-0.5%Cna can further reduce the freezing point and apparent viscosity of waxy simulated oil and Daqing crude oil,which increases the freezing point drop by 2? and 4?.Oxidized carbon nanotubes(OCNTs)were prepared by potassium persulfate oxidation.OCNTs and PAA18 were used as raw materials to prepare carbon dioxide nanotube composite pour point depressants with different carbon contents(PAA18-0.5%OCNTs,PAA18-1%OCNTs,PAA18-1.5%OCNTs)by solvothermal method.The formation of nanocomposites was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),SEM,FTIR and XRD.The carbon nanotube composite pour point depressant has high dispersibility through OM analysis.Through the research on freezing point,rheological properties and wax crystal morphology,it is found that when the dosage of PAA18-1%OCNTs reaches 1250 ppm,the improvement effect on the freezing point and apparent viscosity of the oil is the strongest.On the basis of PAA18,the freezing point drop of waxy simulated oil and Daqing crude oil can be increased by 5? and 8?.According to the comprehensive structure performance characterization and effect evaluation,the ability to improve the low temperature fluidity of oil products is ranked as:PAA18-OCNTs?PAA18-GO?PAA18-Cna?PAA18,indicating that the synergistic effect of OCNTs and PAA18 is the best,which may be attributed to The unique tubular structure of OCNTs has more steric sites and the characteristics of high delocalization of ? bonds outside the graphene sheet of OCNTs.And the action mechanism of nanomaterial pour point depressant on oil products is dominated by eutectic-heterogeneous nucleation mechanism.On the one hand,the wax crystals were made to exist in the oil in a small and dispersed form.On the other hand,the wax crystal molecules were adsorbed on the new crystal nucleus to form a relatively dense shape,reducing the interface area,reducing the surface energy,and forming a disconnected structure with a larger distance,thereby improving the low temperature fluidity of the oil.