| ObjectTo understand the pollution status of deoxynivalenol(DON)in Shandong Province and its products,analyze the geographical,meteorological and climatic characteristics and influencing factors of DON pollution,and provide technical means for prevention and control of DON toxin pollution and poisoning.MethodA stratified random sampling method was used to collect 1,310 kinds of cereal grains,including wheat and its products(235),corn and its products(210),and soybeans(174),which were sold in the seventeen cities of Shandong Province.,mung bean(154),red bean(94),black rice(101),rice(167),millet(175);a total of 155 samples of Shandong specialty foods,including peanuts(41),pancakes(25),walnuts(20),Zhoucun Biscuits(18),sizzling biscuits(15),chestnut(20),Dongping porridge powder(16).All samples were packaged in kraft paper pockets.The unpolished samples were ground by a powder mill and then passed through a 20 mesh sieve.The samples were stored in a cool dry place for testing.2g of the sample to be tested was accurately weighed and extracted with 10 ml of ultrapure water,and then tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)using dual wavelengths of 450 nm and 630 nm.The Excel database was used to sort out the test data,and the statistical software SPSS20.0 performed statistical analysis on the data.It was stipulated that the difference was statistically significant when P≤0.05.All statistical charts are produced by Excel.Result1.A total of 1,465 grains and their products were collected from 17 cities in Shandong Province,including 155 copies of Shandong specialty foods and 1,310 grain food samples.The samples were statistically detected and averaged according to the type,region,and processing level.Hypothesis testing was performed on multiple sample rates using theχ~2test;the average content of each sample was compared by H test because of the variance.The number of positive samples in cereal grain samples was 891,the detection rate was 68.02%,and the over-standard rate was(0.76%).All kinds of food samples were detected,and the difference in detection rate of different grains was statistically significant(χ~2=71.29,P<0.05).he pollution levels of DON were as follows:the average content of DON in wheat and its products was 176.29μg/kg;the average content of DON in corn and its products was156.99μg/kg;the average content of DON in black rice was 133.84μg/kg;the average content of DON in soybeans 144.83μg/kg;the average content of DON of red bean was144.79μg/kg;the average content of DON of millet was 109.79μg/kg;the average content of DON of green bean was 102.60μg/kg;the average content of DON of rice was100.92μg/kg.There was a statistically significant difference in the average DON content between different types of cereals(χ~2=148.35,P<0.01).Among them,only corn has exceeded the standard,and 10 samples exceed the national limit standard.The highest content reaches 2716.17μg/kg,which is 2.72 times of the national standard.The number of positive samples in Shandong specialty food samples was 80,the detection rate was 51.61%,and the over-standard rate was 1.29%.All kinds of specialty food samples were detected.The detection rate from high to low was:Zhoucun Biscuits(100.00)%),sizzling biscuits(100.00%),walnuts(80.00%),Dongping porridge(56.25%),pancakes(44.00%),chestnut(20.00%),peanuts(17.07%).Except for the walnut samples(10%exceeded),no samples were found in other types of specialty foods.The chi-square test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of different grains(χ~2=71.29,P<0.05).The average content of DON in Shandong specialty foods was ranked from high to low:the average content of DON in sizzling biscuits was283.06μg/kg;the average content of DON in Zhoucun was 225.84μg/kg;the average content of DON in walnut was 172.15μg/kg;The average content of 107.54μg/kg;the average content of pancake DON was 99.62μg/kg;the average content of peanut DON was88.92μg/kg;the average content of DON was 78.63μg/kg.2.DON toxin contamination in food samples from different regions:Grain and grain samples were detected in all regions.The detection rate from high to low was Lunan(77.14%),Luzhong Mountain(75.15%),and Jiaodong Peninsula.(74.93%),the north-western plain of Shandong Province(41.96%),except for the samples of various types of grain and grain in Luzhong Mountain area,the other three areas have exceeded the standard grain samples.The chi-square test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of different grains(χ~2=131.37,P<0.05).The average content of DON in various cereal grain samples from different regions of Shandong Province was from high to low:the average content of DON in Jiaodong Peninsula was122.31μg/kg;the average content of DON in Lunan area was 119.42μg/kg;The average content of DON in Zhongshan District is 112.67μg/kg.The average content of DON in the northwestern plain of Shandong was 90.54μg/kg.The H test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the average DON content among various grain samples in different regions(h=69.85,P<0.05).3.Relationship between processing status and DON pollution in cereal grains:Among the 1310 grain samples,wheat and corn and their products have different processing degrees,which are divided into wheat grains and corn kernels(raw),corn bran(thickness).Processing),flour and cornmeal(fine processing),pancakes and biscuits(cooked process-ing)in four forms.The DON toxins were detected in all kinds of processed grain cereals,from high to low:rough processing(88.22%),cooked processing(82.23%),fine processing(72.04%),and unprocessed(67.21%).Except for the fine processing samples exceeding the standard(the over-standard rate of 3.28%),the other processing conditions did not exceed the standard.The chi-square test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of DON toxin in each processing state(χ~2=10.31,P=0.02).There was no significant difference in the mean DON content between samples with different processing levels(h=7.77,P=0.05).Conclusion1.The most serious DON pollution in cereal grains is corn and its products,wheat and its products,black rice and soybeans.Other types of grain DON are less polluted,but the detection rate and average content are still at a high level.And related monitoring reports are few and need to attract more attention.2.The most serious DON pollution situation in Shandong regional specialty foods is the food made from flour as raw materials such as Zhoucun biscuits and sizzling biscuits.In addition,the DON pollution status of walnuts is also serious,and needs to be taken seriously.3.The degree of DON pollution of wheat processed products will increase with the increase of processing degree,and among the processed products of corn,the most polluted condition is the processed corn flour.4.The areas with heavy DON pollution are Lunan area and Jiaodong Peninsula area,the lightest is Lubei plain area,and the DON pollution of various bean crops in Luzhong mountain area is also serious.The overall DON pollution status is high in the east and low in the west.The trend is high in the south and low in the north. |
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