| Liver cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the world.There are no obvious symptoms and no typical imaging features in the early-stage of liver cancer.Patients with liver cancer can't get early diagnosis and treatment,leading to a high mortality rate of cancer.The diagnosis and monitoring of liver cancer is of great significance in improving the survival rate.The common diagnostic methods for liver cancer include fluorescence imaging(FL),ultrasound imaging,positron emission tomography(PET),X-ray computed tomography(CT),and magnetic resonance technology(MRI),but all of the above imaging methods exist certain limitations at the present stage.FL imaging cannot observe deep tissues because of most of the internal light sources are absorbed and scattered by body tissues.The clarity and resolution of ultrasound imaging and PET are insufficient.Although CT detection has high resolution,the radiation produced is harmful to the body.MRI detection takes a long time to scan,and noise is produced in the scanning process.During the treatment of liver cancer,surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy,are selected according to the cancer stage.However,it still has certain limitations in the above treatment methods.Liver cancer has high recurrence rate.Causes of recurrence is the presence of residual microtumor on the edge of the tumor after surgery.Chemotherapy used in traditional medicine toxic side effects.Radiotherapy easily damages normal tissues and cells.As such,the need for the development of new methods for precise diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer remains highly desireable.Recently,nanomedicine for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer is gradually being developed.The nanotechnology and nanomaterials contained in nanomedicine are based on nanoparticles and have derived a series of superior biomedical applications,including bioimaging,photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,magnetic therapy,controlled drug release,antibacterial therapy,gene therapy,etc.Among them,photoacoustic imaging(PAI)is an imaging method that combines optical imaging and ultrasound imaging.It has the advantages of non-destructive,high contrast,high resolution,and deep tissue penetration.PAI can image tiny tumors and realize early detection of cancer.Photothermal therapy(PTT)uses the photothermal conversion properties of nanoprobe materials to convert light energy into heat energy to achieve the purpose of precise ablation of cancer cells.It is a non-invasive,local,and safe optical treatment method.In recent years,researchers have developed a variety of methods for preparing individual gold nanoparticles and copper sulfide nanoparticles of different sizes,shapes,material properties,and surface chemical properties for bioimaging and photothermal therapy.However,the performance of a single metal nanoparticle structure is very limited,and these properties are closely related to the structure and morphology of the material.More research on nanomedicine is not only limited to single nanoparticles but also based on the interaction between these nanoparticles.Therefore,the research focus of nanoscience has shifted to nano-assembly and its applications.Multi-dimensional nano-materials are made by nano-self-assembly,and the superior structure and morphology of nano-functional materials are prepared by controlling the driving force of self-assembly,so as to obtain specific physical and chemical properties.This has become an important application of nano-materials in the field of nanomedicine.Therefore,the focus of nanoscience has shifted to nano-assembly and its applications.Multi-dimensional nano-materials are made by nano-self-assembly,and the superior structure and morphology of nano-functional materials are prepared by controlling the driving force of self-assembly,so as to obtain specific physical and chemical properties.It has become an important research topic in the application of nanomaterials in the field of nanomedicine.Therefore,this paper constructed an intelligent response multi-dimensional assembly based on metal nanoparticles,which used the weak interaction forces such as hydrogen bonds,static electricity,van der Waals forces,hydrophobic and lipophilic between molecules.Driving the orderly self-assembly of metal nanoparticles into a multi-dimensional assembly structure,it has provided a platform for achieving the integration of precise diagnosis,monitor and treatment of liver cancer.1.This article successfully constructed a multi-functional GSPs@ZIF-8 nano-system to realize the photothermal treatment of cancer guided by photoacoustic imaging.Au Gold super nanoparticles(Au GSPs)with superlattice structure were formed by self-assembly of 5.8 nm gold nanoparticles(GNPs),which were coated with metal organic framework ZIF-8.Among them,GSPs increased the signal of gold nanoparticles,and the coating of ZIF-8 made the superlattice structure more stable.In response to the PH response of the tumor microenvironment,ZIF-8 was cleaved and realized the process of photoacoustic signal from OFF-ON.At the same time,GSPs converted light into heat under near-infrared illumination,killing tumor cells.The nano system cleverly combined tumor targeting,photothermal therapy and other functions into a single nano system,cell and animal experiments have confirmed that the material has a significant anti-tumor effect that inhibits tumor growth.2.At present,a single treatment method cannot meet the needs of cancer treatment.In order to further enhance the anti-tumor effect,combination therapy has become one of the current research hotspots.Based on the high photothermal conversion efficiency of copper sulfide nanomaterials,doxorubicin was used as a chemotherapeutic drug to realize the combined treatment of photothermal and chemotherapy under the guidance of photoacoustic imaging.We designed copper sulfide nano-assemblies assembled by winding mesoporous silica,and constructed a nano-diagnostic and therapeutic system Cu S/m Si O2@DOX that releases DOX in response to NIR.In vivo and in vitro photothermal performance test results showed that the copper sulfide nanomaterial Cu S/m Si O2@DOX assembled by winding has better photothermal performance than the copper sulfide nanomaterial Cu S/m Si O2@DOX with a core-shell structure;the cytotoxicity showed that Cu S@m Si O2@ DOX has good biocompatibility;in the experiment of photoacoustic imaging,the photoacoustic imaging signal of Cu S/m Si O2@DOX showed better photoacoustic imaging effect than Cu S@m Si O2@DOX. |
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