Monitoring And Analysis Of Chemical And Microbial Contamination In Food Around Primary And Secondary Schools In Jilin Province In 2020

Objective:This study used the detection and analysis of chemical pollution,microbial pollution in food collected around some primary and secondary schools in Jilin Province to evaluate the food safety level and pollution trends around primary and secondary schools in Jilin Province.So as to timely discover the food safety issues and potential risks surrounding the school that threaten the health of students,providing theoretical basis and data support for the formulation of food safety prevention and control policies,and to further improve the level of food safety around the school.Method:Sampling method: According to the special monitoring sample collection requirements of Jilin Province in the "Collection Manual of food safety risk monitoring samples in Jilin Province in 2020" of Jilin Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention,collect food samples around primary and secondary schools in 11 regions of Jilin Province.Among them,145 samples of chemical contaminants were collected around 65 primary and secondary schools,and 130 samples of pathogenic microorganisms were collected around80 primary and secondary schools to ensure the diversity of collected samples and the full coverage of the collection area.Experimental and evaluation methods: In accordance with the "National Food Safety Standard" and the Hong Kong "Guidelines for Food Microbiological Content"(2014revised edition),the collected food samples around primary and secondary schools are inspected,evaluated and analyzed.Statistical method: SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze the difference of the test results,including descriptive analysis and one-way chi-square test.When P<0.05,the difference was considered to be statistically significant.1.The 7 indicators of two categories of chemical contaminants in food around primary and secondary schools in Jilin Province were monitored in 2020,including food additives(aluminum,benzoic acid,sorbic acid,acesulfame,saccharin sodium,sodium cyclamate)and others(peroxide value).28 samples were found to exceed the standard,and the exceeding rate was 19.31%(28/145);9 indicators of microorganisms and pathogenic factors were monitored,including 4 kinds of food borne pathogenic bacteria(Listeria monocytogenes,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,Salmonella),5 kinds of health indicator bacteria(total number of colonies,Escherichia coli),including 7 positive samples of foodborne pathogenic bacteria,with a positive rate of 5.38%(7/130);17 unsatisfied samples of health indicator bacteria,with a unsatisfied rate of 14.78%(17/115).2.Excessive chemical contaminants were mainly manifested by the excessive aluminum-containing additives in fried dough sticks and the excessive peroxide value in nuts and seed foods.A total of 28 excess copies were detected,of which 25 were fried dough sticks,accounting for 89.29%(25/28)of all over-standard samples,3 copies of nuts and seeds,accounting for 10.71%(3/28)of all over-standard samples.The difference is statistically significant(P<0.05).The over-standard rate of aluminum additives in fried dough sticks was 50%(25/50).The rate in Tonghua City and Baishan City was the highest,accounting for 70%(7/10),and in Jilin City was 50%(5/10),the rate of Gongzhuling City was 30%(6/20).The over-standard rate of street stalls was 48.39%(15/31),for small restaurants was 52.63%(10/19).The rate of middle schools was 34.78%(8/23),and primary schools was 62.96%(17/27).In nuts and seed foods,the total rate was 15%(3/20),in Yanbian Prefecture was 20%(2/10),and in Liaoyuan City was 33.33%(1/3).Over-standard in convenience stores was 25%(1/4),and 40%(2/5)over-standard in specialty stores.With the rate of 33.33%(3/9)over-standard in bulk,on the other hand,stereotyped packaging did not exceed the standard.The excess peroxide value was mainly concentrated around the elementary school,due to the 3 excessive samples were all sampled here,and the rate was 27.27%(3/11).Result:3.The positive detection rate of the four food-borne pathogens was 15%(6/40)for Bacillus cereus,followed by Listeria monocytogenes 0.77%(1/130),and neither Staphylococcus aureus nor Salmonella have been detected positive.The positive sample rate of different food types for take-out box lunches was 25%(5/20),followed by rice and flour products(cold mix and sandwich class)at 10%(2/20),apart from that,no pathogenic bacteria were detected in other food categories.The detection rate of positive samples in the catering service is 11.11%(5/45),and the rate in the circulation link is 2.35%(2/85).The rate of urban positive samples was 3.57%(4/112),and that of rural positive samples was 16.67%(3/18).The results of the above single-factor chi-square test analysis were statistically significant(P<0.05).Among the 11 regions in Jilin Province,Gongzhuling City has the highest rate of 30%(3/10),followed by Tonghua City with 20%(2/10),Yanbian Prefecture with 7.14%(1/14),and Changchun City with 7.14%(1/14),and no positive detection in other areas.And no positive was detected in pre-packaged food,with the positive rate of bulk food was 7.37%(7/95).The positive detection rate of food near middle schools in this monitoring was 3.90%(3/77),and the rate of food near the elementary school was 7.55%(4/53).There was no statistically significant difference in the results of the single-factor chi-square test for the above three items(P<0.05).4.The unqualified rate of the five sanitary indicator bacteria was 14.78%(17/115),followed by Escherichia coli at 2.60%(3/115).In the 11 regions of Jilin Province,Songyuan City has the highest unqualified rate of 50%(5/10),followed by Baishan City with 30%(3/10),Meihekou City with 30%(3/10),and Jilin City with 28.57%(4/14),14.28%(2/14)in Changchun City,no positive detection in other areas.The unqualified rate of hygienic indicator bacteria in the 6 categories of food is 50%(10/20)for student take-out box lunches,followed by 10%(2/20)for rice and noodle products(cold mix and sandwich class).The detection rate of unqualified samples in catering services was 25.00%(10/40),and the detection rate of unqualified samples in circulation was 9.33%(7/75).The unqualified rate of various packaged foods is 2.86%(1/35)for pre-packaged foods and20.00%(16/80)for bulk foods.The unqualified rate of samples in urban and rural areas is11.34%(11/97)in urban areas and 33.33%(6/18)in rural areas.The results of the above single-factor chi-square analysis were statistically significant(P<0.05).The unqualified rate of samples surrounding primary and secondary schools was 17.65%(12/68)in middle schools and 10.63%(5/40)in primary schools.The difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:The overall food safety environment surrounding primary and secondary schools in Jilin Province is fairly good,and the food safety level is relatively high.However,there are still high food contamination risks in some areas and certain food types,and food safety risk monitoring in high-risk areas and high-contaminated food types should be strengthened,corresponding policies should be formulated,and early-warning signs should be given to students for consumption direction.