Research On Anti-fatigue And Mechanism Of Ginsenoside Rg1 Through PGC-1? Pathway

With the increasing demand for ginseng in the current market,in-depth research on the anti-fatigue mechanism of ginsenosides,and in-depth research on its medicinal and health effects,has a profound effect on promoting the industrial processing of ginseng foods,health products and medicines significance.This study explored the effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 on immunosuppressive exercise-induced fatigue in mice.A total of 98 2-month-old male BALB/c mice with a body weight of(20±2)g were randomly divided into 7 groups with 14 mice in each group.Among them,the model group(MG),the ginsenoside Rg1 low-dose group(L),Middle-dose group(M),high-dose group(H),and positive control group(P)are immunosuppressive animal model mice.The blank static group(BSG)and blank exercise group(BEG)were normal healthy mice.After modeling,the ginsenoside Rg1 low,medium,and high dose groups were given intragastrically at 12.5 mg·kg-1,25 mg·kg-1,and 50 mg·kg-1,respectively.In the positive control group,10 g·kg-1 of Zhenqi Fuzheng Granules was administered by gavage,and the blank static group,blank exercise group and model group were gavage with normal saline for a period of 21 days.Observe the exhausted swimming time and pole climbing time of the mice,weigh the mice during the test and before the dissection,and weigh the important organs after the dissection.Determination of blood urea nitrogen(BUN),malonic dialdehyde(MDA),lactic dehydrogenase(LDH),superoxide dismutase in mouse serum,liver and skeletal muscle.Changes in indicators such as muscle/liver glycogen.Real-time fluorescent quantitative(PCR)technology detects the expression level of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ?coactivator-1?,(PGC-1?),Nuclear respiratory factor-1(NRF-1),mitochondrial transcription factor A(TFAM)mRNA,expression of mi R-130b-3p in mouse skeletal muscle,Western Blot(WB)technology detects PGC-1?,AMP activated protein kinase,(AMPK),NRF-1,TFAM protein expression levels.Test results:(1)After the immunosuppression model was established,compared with the blank group,the weight of mice in each dose of ginsenoside decreased significantly,and the difference was extremely significant(p<0.01);the thymus/body ratio of mice in the low and medium dose groups decreased significantly,and the difference was significant Significantly(p<0.05);the spleen/body ratio of mice in the high-dose group increased significantly,and the difference was significant(p<0.05);(2)Compared with the model group,the middle dose(25 mg·kg-1)ginsenoside Rg1 can significantly prolong the climbing time of mice,with a growth rate of 159.7%,and the difference is significant(p<0.01);Middle-dose ginsenoside Rg1 can significantly prolong the exhausted swimming time of mice,the growth rate is 195.2%,the difference is significant(p<0.01);(3)Compared with the model group,low and medium doses of ginsenoside Rg1 can reduce serum urea nitrogen content,the difference is significant(p<0.05);high-dose ginsenoside Rg1 can reduce serum MDA content,the difference is significant(p<0.01);medium and high-dose ginsenoside Rg1 can reduce serum LDH content,the difference is significant(p<0.01);low-dose ginsenoside Rg1 can increase serum SOD content,the difference is significant(p<0.01);(4)In mouse liver and skeletal muscle,compared with the model group,high-dose ginsenoside Rg1 can increase the content of liver glycogen in mice,the difference is significant(p<0.05);medium and high-dose ginsenoside Rg1 group can increase,The content of MDA in the liver and skeletal muscle of mice was significantly different(p<0.01);the middle and high-dose ginsenoside Rg1 group could increase the content of LDH in the skeletal muscle of mice,and the difference was significant(p<0.01);(5)Compared with the model group,the expression level of PGC-1? mRNA in the skeletal muscle of mice in each dose group gradually increased,and the difference was significant(p<0.01);the expression levels of NRF-1 and TFAM mRNA in each dose group also increased,especially,The medium-dose raising effect is more significant(p<0.01);at the same time,ginsenoside Rg1 can reduce the expression level of mi R-130b-3p in the medium-dose group,and the difference is significant(p<0.01);(6)Compared with the model group,the expression level of PGC-1? protein in the skeletal muscle of mice in each dose group increased to varying degrees,especially the middle dose group increased significantly(p<0.01);each dose group AMPK,The expression of NRF-1and TFAM protein increased,and the difference was significant(p<0.01);Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg1 has a good regulatory effect on exercise-related by-products in serum,and at the same time can improve the expression of PGC-1?,NRF-1,TFAM mRNA and mi R-130 b related to skeletal muscle mitochondrial biosynthesis and PGC-1?,The expression of AMPK,NRF-1 and TFAM proteins,in turn,plays a role in accelerating the regulation of mitochondrial biosynthesis,and finally achieves the effect of anti-exercise fatigue.