Preparation And Anti-obesity Activity Of Visceral Oil From Cucumaria Frondosa

The internal organs of cucumaria frondosa are leftovers from the primary processing of cucumaria frondosa,which are rich in nutrients.Due to the low level of development,in addition to a small amount of cucumaria frondosa entrails made into dried products for sale,a large number of cucumaria frondosa viscerals are processed as feed materials,which not only causes waste of resources,but also fails to effectively increase the added value of cucumaria frondosa and restricts the development of the industry.In this study,fresh cucumaria frondosa viscera was used as raw material to compare different extraction methods of cucumaria frondosa visceral oil,and the crude oil was refined.Through the establishment of a mouse obesity model,the anti-obesity activity of cucumaria frondosa visceral oil was explored.(1)Extraction technology of visceral oil from sea cucumber.The optimal conditions of ultrasonic-assisted method were as follows: solid-liquid ratio(m internal organs :V solvent)1:5(g/m L),ultrasonic time 120 min,extraction temperature 50?,ultrasonic 4 times,ultrasonic power400 W,the extraction rate of oil was 22.34%,and the content of EPA in oil was 18.06%.The optimal conditions of subcritical method were as follows: solid-liquid ratio(m internal :V butane)1:3(g/m L),extraction pressure 0.4 MPa,extraction times 5 times,extraction time 56.18 min,extraction temperature 48.55?,extraction yield 23.38%,and EPA content 23.15%.The optimal conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis were as follows: enzymatic dosage 0.25%,enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 55?,solid-liquid ratio(m viscera :V water)1:5(g/m L),enzymatic hydrolysis time 8h,extraction rate of oil was 20.11%,and EPA content in oil was 19.83%.The physicochemical indexes of the oil showed that the oxidation degree of the oil extracted by subcritical method was the lowest,and the amount of water and volatiles detected by subcritical method was far lower than that of the other two methods.The saponification value and iodine value also indicated that the visceral oil status of subcritical extraction was better.Compared with the gas chromatography,the content of unsaturated fatty acids was higher than that of the other two methods,and the impurities were less,which indicated that the subcritical method had better extraction specificity.The subcritical method had higher extraction efficiency and more stable oil quality.(2)The experimental results of the visceral oils of cucumaria frondosa by molecular distillation showed that the optimal conditions for enrichment of visceral oils from cucumaria frondosa by molecular distillation in EPA model were:A(distillation vacuum)=-0.758(2.12Pa),B(distillation temperature)=0.229(122.29?),C(scraping speed)=-0.389(281r/min),D(feed speed)=0.456(22.28 m L/min),and EPA relative content R=34.637%.The results showed that the visceral oil of sea cucumber was enriched by molecular distillation under these conditions,and the relative EPA content R=34.66%.The detected data of peroxide value and iodine value of the visceral oil of the refined sea cucumber have met the requirements in the Catalogue of Health Food Rates--Fish Oil.The saponification value and iodine value are significantly higher than that of crude oil,which indirectly indicates that molecular distillation plays a good enrichment and purification role in the unsaturated fatty acids in the visceral oil of sea cucumber.In addition,no water and volatiles were detected in the refined oil,and the residual solvent in the crude oil extracted by subcritical method was effectively removed.Twenty-five and twenty-eight fatty acids were detected in the refined oil and the offal crude of cucumaria frondosa,respectively.There were 19 kinds of unsaturated fatty acids in the refined oil and 16 kinds of unsaturated fatty acids in the crude oil.The relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in refined oils reached 41.74%,among which EPA was 34.66%.(3)The results of animal experiments showed that the visceral oil of cucumaria frondosa could significantly improve the increase of body weight,liver weight and visceral fat weight in food-borne obese mice;To a certain extent,it improved the abnormal glucose tolerance and insulin resistance of experimental mice induced by high fat diet.It can significantly reduce the hyperlipidemia of mice induced by high fat diet,but has little effect on high density lipoprotein.To a certain extent,the expression of oxphos protein in white adipose tissue of mice induced by high fat diet was increased.The expression of oxphos protein in the white adipose tissue of mice indicated that the mitochondria in the white adipose cells of obese mice were dysfunctional,and the mitochondria could not phosphorylate normally,leading to the mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder.In the high dose group,the oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria,fat consumption,weight loss and other detection indexes were significantly improved.In addition,the effect of high dose of acanthopanax viscera oil on the improvement of obesity was better than that of low dose.The effect of acanthopanax viscera oil on the improvement of obesity in mice was dose-dependent to some extent.