Study On Marine Biomass Reinforced E-51 Epoxy Resin And Its Curing Kinetics

Recently,the demand for greener and biodegradable materials is growing rapidly,Huge biomass is widely utilized as a potential resource of materials for renewable energy in various industries,marine biomass has gained great attention because of its capability,availability,environmental friendliness,and many other advantages.In the present work,marine biomass was modified using different chemical methods and the modified marine biomass was then used as a reinforcement to prepare marine biomass/epoxy resin composites.The curing kinetics of different systems of marine biomass/epoxy resin composites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry.It was found that the fish scale powder could promote the curing reaction in the early stage,but the cuttlebone powder had no significant effect on the curing reaction.The curing reaction model and the reaction rate equation were determined by calculating the curing parameters.The curing process flow of composite was determined:the composites were cured at room temperature for 24 h and then cured for 2 h at 90?.Different ratios of marine biomass were used as a reinforcement to prepare epoxy composites and its effects on various properties of the composite were studied.The results showed that:(1)The addition of fish scale powder increased the glass transition temperature(T_g)and improved the thermal stability of the composites.The addition of cuttlebone powder showed no significant effect on the thermal properties of the composite.(2)Fish scale powder significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin.For composites containing 10%fish scale powder,both tensile strength and flexural strength were increased by 40.7%and 34.8%,respectively.The storage modulus E'increased by46.2%compared with the pure epoxy resin.Comparing the untreated and silane treated particles,composites added treated particles showed 20.3%increased tensile strength and30%increased storage modulus E'.(3)Compared with neat epoxy,the composites added the cuttlebone powder increased both the tensile and bending properties by 25.2%and 21.4%,respectively.Further,the treatment of cuttlebone powder with stearic acid and sodium stearate significantly enhanced the hydrophobicity of the powder.Sodium stearate treated cuttlebone powder showed better mechanical properties.The sodium stearate treated cuttlebone powder showed 28.2%and 21.0%higher tensile strength and bending strength respectively than the composites reinforced with untreated powder.