Research On The Producing And Detection Of The High Quality Intense-Current Relativistic Electron Beams

High-power microwave systems usually require high-current relativistic electron beams for energy conversion.The explosive emission can generate electron beams with a current density of several k A/cm~2,which meets the needs of most high-power microwave systems.Therefore,high-current relativistic electron beams are generated.the most common way.There are still some problems in the application of explosive emission cathodes,such as insufficient electron beam uniformity,electron beam backflow,etc.These problems will affect the working performance of high-power microwave systems and cause damage to the system.Therefore,improving the electron beam backflow and improving the quality of the electron beam is one of the key issues in the study of explosive emission cathodes.At the same time,high-power microwave systems usually work in a magnetic field environment.The diodes that generate strong current relativistic electron beams also need magnetic fields to guide them.Under the condition of limited magnetic fields,the existence of diodes will compress the use space of the magnetic field and limit the high-power microwave.volume of the device.Therefore,designing diode devices to generate and transmit high-current electron beams without a magnetic field also has a positive impact on the development of high-power microwaves.Based on the theory of high-current electron beams emitted by explosive cathodes,this thesis analyzes the conditions required for the generation and transmission of high-current electron beams under the condition of no magnetic field,and simulates the generation and transmission of high-current electron beams under the conditions of uniform magnetic field and no magnetic field.and experimental research,the main research contents are as follows:Combining the experimental results and the establishment of a simulation model to reproduce the two methods,the structural characteristics of the existing explosive launch cathode are analyzed,and a new diode model with an inclination type explosive launch cathode structure is established.This structure can effectively maintain a high flow rate on the basis of the phenomenon of electron beam backflow bombardment on the diode insulating section is suppressed,and the magnetic field of different magnetic induction intensity can be adapted.And the processing experiment is carried out.The experiment shows that the inner inclined cathode structure diode can generate a current of 7.1kA at a voltage of 536k V,and the electron beam introduction efficiency is 86%.After the structure is applied to the klystron amplifier for about 45,000 experiments,its various capabilities remain stable,showing good life characteristics.In order to explore the feasibility of electron beam generation and transmission under the condition of no magnetic field,a multi-injector diode model with a quasi-Pearce electron gun structure was designed.In the case of simulation,an electron beam with a size of 4k A can be generated at a voltage of 500k V,and the introduction efficiency is 91%.The structure is processed and tested,and the experimental results show that the structure can generate an electron beam with a size of about 3k A when a voltage of 400k V is loaded under the condition of no magnetic field.The measured value of the beam current through the anode structure is 1.5k A,and the introduction efficiency of the diode is about 48%?...