The Optical Observations Of Gamma-ray Bursts And Supernovae

Gamma-ray Bursts(GRBs)originate from the collapse of massive star or the merger of two compact objects,its explosion would accompany with the explosion of supernovae(SNe),kilonovae and gravitational waves.The author of this thesis majors in the optical observations of GRBs and SNe in the postgraduate.Thesis organizes a short progress overview of the observations of GRBs and SNe priorly.The observational progress and the studies of GRB160131A and SN 2019ehk are detailed organized as the main part.The telescopes of GWAC-F60 and LCOGT are carried to execute the observational task of the optical afterglow of GRBs and the SNe.Up to 2020,117Target-of-Opportunities were followed by our observational team.Most of the analysis and the theory interpretation of the observations still in proceed.This part of context is organized in section 2.GRB 160131A is the first optical afterglow of GRB that was caught by GWAC-F60.Thesis make a detailed study for its origin of prompt emission and the optical and the X-ray afterglow emission.The analysis that the original gamma ray plateau originates from the magnetic dipole radiation of newborn massive magnetar,and the later gamma ray emission,X ray emission and the optical afterglow originate from the jet that is powered by the fallback accretion of newborn black hole(BH).Basing on the jet powered by the BZ mechanism in the fallback accretion of newborn BH scenario,the calculation shows that the total fallback material is 0.071_⊙,and the BH spins up,the spin parameter varies from0.27 to 0.35 gradually.This part of the study is presented in section 3.The multi-color lightcurves of observed SN 2019ehk exhibits distinct early bump,implying the existence of an extended material surround the progenitor of SN 2019ehk.By using a model that the post shock cooling combining ~5 ~6Ni radiative cascade decay,the properties of progenitor and explosion are explored.The analysis shows that the ejecta mass is 0.14_⊙,the synthesized nickel is0.04_⊙.The progenitor with an extended envelope,in which the radius is2200_⊙,and the mass is about 0.004_⊙.This part of the study is presented in section 4.We also take part in the multi-band observational campaign for exploring the relation of Fast Radio Burst(FRB)and the Soft Gamma-ray Repeater(SGR)burst,in the task we charge a part of the optical observations.The result of task published on the journal of Nature and be selected as one of the 10 remarkable discoveries from 2020.This part of the study is organized in section 5.