Neural Electrophysiological Features Of Bimanual Switching In Sequence-Response Action Learning

Background:Motor sequence learning is the process of easily completing a series of simple or complex action elements as a whole through repetitive practice.Two-hand switching refers to the phenomenon in which the operator switches from the action of one hand to the other hand.Generally speaking,when switching from the hand in use to the other hand,the reaction time will increase and the error rate will also increase.This increase in the reaction time and error rate when switching between two hands is the switching cost.However,current research is controversial on whether switching costs are affected by learning.Second,most studies have only explored the change of switching cost between hands during the learning process,and the change law of switching cost within the learning process is still unclear;In addition,previous studies have mainly explored sequence-specific learning,and less research has been done on general motor skill learning and the impact of general motor skill learning on hand switching costs.Importantly,in the existing literature on the change of hand switching cost in bimanual sequence learning,it is only limited to the exploration at the behavioral level,and no further research has been carried out on the internal neural mechanism accompanying this behavioral process.Objective:This study intends to explore the neuroelectrophysiological characteri-stics of bimanual switching in sequential response action learning through an experiment,aiming to solve the following three questions:(1)From a behavioral point of view,resolve the controversial issue of whether the switching cost between hands changes with learning in previous studies;try to prove that learning switching costs within the opponent will also have an impact.(2)This study attempts to extend the previous experimental research results,mainly from sequence-specific learning to general motor skill learning,and to explore the learning effect of general motor skills and the impact of general skill learning opponent switching costs.(3)From the perspective of brain mechanism,explore the changes of switching costs of different sequence types and different switching types at different test times,and use event-related potentials(ERPs)technology to reveal their effects on EEG components(N200,P300)on the dynamic machining process.Methods:This study selects 57 undergraduates(21 girls and 36 boys)of Yangzhou University School of Physical Education as the research objects,adopts the bimanual sequence reaction time task,and designs experiments to study the change of switching cost of different switching types in the learning process.Results:At the behavioral level:under the condition of repeated switching of fixed sequences,the conversion cost of post-test is less than that of pre-test;Under the condition of fixed sequence hand-to-hand switching,the switching cost of the posttest is smaller than that of the pre-test,indicating that the switching cost between hands can be reduced by learning,however we did not find an effect of learning on intra-adversary switching costs.In addition,the average reaction time of the random sequence post-test was smaller than that of the pre-test,indicating that the general motor skill learning effect occurred in the random sequence.Under the condition of repeated switching of random sequences,the switching cost of the post-test is smaller than the switching cost of the pre-test,indicating that general skill learning has an impact on the repeated switching cost.However,we did not find that general skill learning has a significant difference between the intra-opponent switching cost and the inter-hands switching cost.Influence.Under the condition of fixed sequence repeated switching,the accuracy of pre-test and post-test is significantly different,indicating that learning leads to an increase in the accuracy of repeated switching.It shows that learning leads to an increase in the correct rate of intra-hand conversion;under the conditions of fixed sequence and inter-hand conversion,there is a significant difference between the correct rate of pre-test and post-test,indicating that learning leads to an increase in the correct rate of inter-hand conversion.Under the condition of the fixed sequence,the correct rate of the post-test is significantly higher than that of the pre-test;under the condition of the random sequence,the correct rate of the post-test is significantly higher than that of the pre-test.The above results show that through learning,the fixed sequence and The correct rate of random sequence increases,and the learning effect is significant.At the neural level:N2 amplitudes in the pretest were not significantly different from those in the posttest under the repeated switching and intrahand switching conditions,whereas the N2 amplitudes in the posttest were significantly greater than those in the pretest under the interhand switching condition.Under the fixed sequence condition,the P3 amplitude of the post-test was significantly smaller than that of the pre-test.Under the random sequence condition,the P3 amplitude of the pre-test was not significantly different from that of the post-test;Under the repeated switching condition,the P3 latency of the fixed sequence was not significantly different from that of the random sequence significantly smaller than random sequences.Conclusion:(1)The time required for fixed sequence learning was significantly reduced,and sequence-specific learning occurred in the bimanual sequence reaction time task;in addition,the random sequence reaction time gradually decreased during the learning process,and general motor skill learning occurred in the bimanual sequence reaction time task;(2)In the bimanual sequence reaction time task,when switching between hands(inter-hand switching),the reaction time(switching cost)increases significantly,however,in the fixed sequence,the switching cost between hands can be reduced by learning;In the learning process of random sequences,the switching cost between hands does not decrease;(3)in the two-hand sequence reaction time task,when switching between two fingers of one hand(intra-hand switching),the switching cost increases,but,In the fixed sequence,the in-hand switching cost is not reduced by learning;in the random sequence,the change in the in-hand switching cost is not significant through learning;(4)At the neural level,we found that under fixed sequence conditions,post-tested intra-hand switching and inter-hand switching were more capable of conflict resolution and more efficient in allocating mental resources;however,under random sequence conditions,post-tested There was no significant difference between intra-hand and inter-hand conversion compared to the pretest.