Sexual Dimorphism Of Sprint Performance And Bite Force Of Trapelus Sanguinolenta And Its Ecomorphological Adaptation

Ecomorphology is an important subject for studying the structure and function of organisms.The connection between morphology and performance is very important part.It can reflect the fitness of animal.We explored the sprint performance,bite force and morphology to understand the relationship between morphology and performance of Trapelus sanguinolenta.The main results are as follows:(1)The results shows that the males of T.sanguinolenta had a significantly longer head length,hind limb length and tail length than the females in Tukai.The growth rates of head length in males of T.sanguinolenta in Dulata were much faster than in females.The females in Tukai had a significantly longer head width than the females in Dulata,and the abdomen width was significantly shorter than the females in Dulata.The male in Tukai had a significantly shorter head length and hind limb length than the males in Dulata(P<0.05).T.sanguinolenta in Tukai is affected by sexual selection,sex-specific niche divergence hypothesis and natural selection,which lead to balance.T.sanguinolenta in Dulata is less affected by habitat,the differences between two populations are mainly caused by habitat differences.(2)Substrate type is one of the important factors affecting the locomotor performance of T.sanguinolenta in Tukai,but substrates had little effect on T.sanguinolenta in Dulata.The slope has a significant effect on both populations,and the maximum sprint speed of T.sanguinolenta decreases as the slope increases.The head is the main factor affecting the locomotor performance of T.sanguinolenta.A big head will significantly affect the center of gravity and balance of T.sanguinolenta during exercise and reduce the maximum sprint speed.The difference between the two populations is mainly in the locomotor performance on different slopes.The maximum sprint speed of T.sanguinolenta in Tukai on 15° and 30°slopes is significantly faster than T.sanguinolenta in Dulata(P<0.05).The locomotor advantage of T.sanguinolenta in Tukai is related to its habitat as arboreal habitat.(3)There was no significant difference in the bite force between females and males of T.sanguinolenta in Tukai,while the bite force of males in Dulata was significantly higher than bite force of females.The head width is the main factor that affects the bite force of T.sanguinolenta in Tukai,and head length and mouth width are the main factors that affect the bite force of males in Dulata.Bite force of Females in Dulata are mainly affected by mouth width.The difference in bite force between the two populations mainly reflect in bite force of male.The bite force of males in Dulata is significantly higher than males in Tukai(P<0.05).This result is mainly due to the difference of head shape.(4)There are some bisexual and population differences in the food composition of T.sanguinolenta.They mainly feed on Hymenoptera and Coleoptera,and they also feed on seeds.The Shannon Wiener index,Shannon evenness index,and food niche width of females were greater than males,which indicates that the females are richer in feeding and there is not much intraspecific competition.The Tukai population has a high degree of food overlap between males and females,which may be related to the high abundance and easy capture of its prey in the habitat.The lower feeding overlap of the Dulata population also contributes to the stability of this population.The males of the two populations of T.sanguinolenta eat significantly more hard food than the females,which is related to the larger head shape and bite force of the males.The size and hardness of the food of the Dulata population were greater than males of Tukai population,which was mainly caused by the difference in bite force between two populations.