Chloroplast Genomes Of Argentina Species In China

Argentina Hill is a genus of family Rosaceae Juss.,subfamily Rosoideae(Juss.)Arn.,tribe Potentilleae Sweet.There are 75 species mainly distributed in the the Sino-Himalayan and the Malay archipelago.Twenty-four species occur in China.This genus has relatively higher economic value.So far,there has not been any research on Argentina from the perspective of chloroplast genome.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the genomes of 12 species of Argentina.Bioinformatics methods were used to assemble and annotate the complete chloroplast genome sequences,and to conduct comparative analysis of the chloroplast genomes,and to develop molecules markers,and to perform phylogenetic analysis.This study is helpful for further research on the systematics and evolution of Argentina,and the developed molecular markers are helpful for species identification,population genetics research and phylogeny research of this genus,and the whole chloroplast genome sequences obtained here can provide“Ultra-barcoding” for the identification of Argentina species,and it can also provide basic data for the development and utilization of germplasm resources of this genus.The main contents and results of this study are as follows:1.The chloroplast genomes of Argentina species present a typical quadripartite structure: a large single copy region(LSC),a small single copy region(SSC)and two inverted repeats(IRs).In terms of genome size,gene content,and gene order,the chloroplast genome of Argentina is highly conserved.The total length of the chloroplast genome sequence of12 Argentina species is 155,096bp-156,821bp;the length of the LSC is84,444bp-86,150 bp,and the length of the SSC is 17,780bp-18,782bp;and the length of the IR is 25,705bp-26,706 bp.The chloroplast genome of Argentina is rich in AT as the chloroplast genomes of other land plants.The GC content is 36.7%-37.1%,and the GC content is relatively conserved.The chloroplast genomes of Argentina all encode 129 genes,including 84 protein-coding genes,37 t RNA genes,and 8 r RNA genes.The IR/SC boundary analysis showed that the relative positions and sizes of genes near the boundary has slight changes,and there is basically no obvious contraction and expansion in the IR.The synteny analyses showed that there was no inversion and gene rearrangement in the chloroplast genomes of Argentina.2.A total of 263 exons,introns and intergenic spacer(IGS)fragments of the 12 chloroplast genome sequences of Argentina were analyzed.Nineteen hotspot regions(trnH-GUG-psb A,rps4-trnT-UGU,rpl33-rps18,trnG-UCC-trnR-UCU,trnG-GCC-trnf M-CAU,trnD-GUC-trnY-GUA,trnR-UCU-atpA,rpl14-rpl16,rpl32-trnL-UAG,atpH-atpI,rps16-trnQ-UUG,petD-rpo A,5'-rps12-clpP,acc D-psa I,5'-trnK-UUU-rps16,ndhF-rpl32,trnT-UGU-trnL-UAA,rps18-rpl20,ndhC-trnV-UAC)were chosen as candidate molecular markers for Argentina.These candidate molecular markers can play an important role in species identification,population genetics and phylogeny research for Argentina.3.The results of phylogenetic analysis support the monophyly of tribe Potentilleae which includes subtribes Fragariinae and Potentillinae.Argentina belongs to subtribe Potentillinae and is sister to Potentilla.The phylogenetic relationship of 12 species of Argentina showed that species A.anserina and the other 11 species of Argentina was grouped together;A.micropetala and A.phanerophlebia were sister groups;A.fallens,A.peduncularis,A.leuconota and A.cardotiana are closely related taxa;A.stenophylla,A.microphylla,A.taliensis,and A.tatsienluensis are closely related to each other;A.lineata and A.polyphylla have a close relationship.The results also support the separation of Sibbaldia micropetala and Sibbaldia phanerophlebia from Sibbaldia into Argentina.