Bioinformatics Analysis For The Impacts Of Mars 520 Mission On Human Health

Understanding whether life exists in the universe beyond Earth is a key question in space exploration.Mars is an excellent place to investigate this question,exploring Mars,understanding the surface and the planet's evolution will help deepen our understanding of climate change and the origin and evolution of life on Earth.But space exploration poses many challenges to human physiology: For example,space radiation and microgravity,as well as space confinement and isolation,can cause a variety of pathological responses in the human body,and the physiological mechanisms of many of these diseases or symptoms remain unclear.Limited by spacecraft power,size,and crew configuration,the medical services that can be provided during space flight are relatively limited.At present,it is still focused on screening potential diseases or hidden dangers to make adequate prevention.However,there are few spatially related biological data,and usually the sample size is small.How to fully excavate information from limited data,evaluate and prevent the possible pathological reactions that triggered by the space environment,and prevent and control risks in space flight are the main problem facing space exploration at present.In order to solve the above problems,the epigenomic data of Mars 520 mission astronauts and the genomics data of immune cells in the microgravity environment was obtained from NASA Gene Lab,and used bioinformatics methods for analysis.Firstly,the epigenomic data of 40 diseases were collected in GEO in this study,and the diseasegene co-expression module was calculated by SIMPO algorithm and FABIA algorithm together with Mars 520 samples,and it was found that patients with liver cancer stage I and liver cancer stage III had similar gene expression patterns with spatial samples,and the co-expressed genes were mostly concentrated in innate immune response,cellular response to nutrients,and response to virus.Secondly,the difference analysis is carried out on the spatial data,and multiple viral infection pathways were found in the KEGG enrichment results,including EBV infection,HBV infection,HSV infection and KHSV infection,etc.Moreover,the differential genes in these viral infection pathways were highly overlapping,so a methylation regulatory network was constructed for these differential genes using Time Delay-ARACNE algorithm.Based on the above research results,we infer that multiple stressors in the space environment will lead to immune disorders and increase the susceptibility of the human body to viruses.Due to the limited medical services on the spacecraft,it would be more convenient and feasible to prevent or reduce the risk of viral infection through daily meals than drug prophylaxis.Therefore,in this study,target sets of nutrients in food and gene sets associated with viral infection diseases were obtained from USDA,SITICH and Dis Ge NET,the hypergeometric test was used to calculate the nutrients whose target set was significantly enriched in the gene sets associated with viral infection diseases,and it was found that EGCG and vitamin D were helpful in the resistance to the above-mentioned virus infections.In addition,significant association SNPs of 13 nutrients and 3 viral infections were obtained from the GWAS Catalog and IEU GWAS,and the causal association between them was calculated using 2SMR(Two sample Mendelian Randomization)method,the results indicate that vitamin D may be helpful in preventing EBV infection and HBV infection.In summary,the results of this study suggest that space environment increases the risk of viral infection in humans,which can be prevented by supplementing with EGCG,vitamin D.The research results can be used to formulate personalized diet and medical plans for astronauts,which have important practical application value for future Mars exploration.