Research On The Attenuation Compensation Method Of The Angle Gather Data

The energy of seismic waves will be attenuated by the absorption of underground media,and the resolution of seismic data will be reduced.Due to the structure,lithology,pressure,temperature,etc.of the stratum,the seismic wave will be absorbed during its propagation,resulting in the reflected wave bandwidth gradually narrowing as the depth of the stratum increases,the main frequency of the seismic wave continuously decreasing,and the effective signal The ratio to noise also gradually decreased,and the final quality of the seismic data deteriorated.Attenuation compensation is a method to effectively improve the resolution of seismic data.After compensation,the main frequency of seismic data is increased,the spectrum is widened,the high frequency components are restored,the phase distortion becomes corrected,and the adjacent reflection interface can be better resolved.Exploration and prediction provide greater help.In daily production,oil and gas exploration work is becoming more precise and meticulous with the improvement of theoretical level and technological progress.At the same time,the pre-stack information using seismic data is gradually paid attention to.Because the pre-stack data processing model is often simple,and the rich amplitude and travel time information are more present in the pre-stack data,the pre-stack data reflect the underground structure,temperature,pressure,lithology and other physical parameters than the pre-stack information is more flexible and sensitive.And currently in pre-stack data processing,AVO analysis is often performed on angle gathers,which can accurately reflect the wave propagation path and is an important technique for reservoir prediction.Attenuation compensation studies are carried out on the angle gathers to further improve the fidelity of the angle gather data,thereby ensuring that the results of the AVO analysis are more accurate and reflect more real underground information.Under the assumption of horizontal layered conditions,this paper studies the propagation path of seismic waves and the theory of seismic wave absorption and attenuation.Through the analysis of travel time and reflection coefficients of diagonal gather data,the corresponding formulas are derived.The theory of Q filtering is used to study the attenuation compensation method of the angle gather data,and the amplitude and phase of the angle gather data are compensated for attenuation.At the same time,we applied a stability factor to the angular gather data attenuation compensation method and performed a stability analysis to highlight the stability and noise immunity of the method.Finally,this method is used in the actual data processing experiments,and the compensation has achieved good results.The results of the AVO analysis are also more accurate,which verifies the practicability of the method.