Distribution Of Typical Antibiotic Resistance Genes And Microbial Community Characteristics In Jinjiang & Ganges River Basin

Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),as a new type of environmental pollutants,are gaining more and more attention in the field of environmental science research.And since river ecosystems as the main storage for antibiotic resistance genes in the environment.The distribution of antibiotic resistance genes of microorganisms in the watershed especially prokaryotic microorganisms has become an important research object.The Jinjiang River Basin as a part of the Poyang Lake Basin.It is a typical agricultural irrigation and livestock breeding area in Jiangxi Province;The Ganges River Basin is one of the most densely populated areas in the world.It is the main source of water for the Indian people to survive.The Ganges River Basin in India is the most densely populated area in the world and the main source of water for the Indian people.The antibiotic resistance genes of 17 rainy season(June),dry season(November)and 6 dry season(March)samples in Jinjiang River Basin southwest of Poyang Lake and the microbial community diversity of representative samples(16 samples)in the two basins were analyzed.The tetracycline degrading bacteria were screened from the wastewater drainage ditch near a pig farm in Jinjiang River Basin.The distribution of typical antibiotic resistance genes in the Jinjiang River Basin of Poyang Lake and the Ganges River Basin of India and the correlation between the content of typical antibiotics and the structure of antibiotic resistance genes and microbial community were preliminarily studied.At the same time,two degrading bacteria were isolated for the biological treatment of antibiotic-containing wastewater.Six antibiotic resistance genes were tested: sulfonamide ARGs: sul1 and sul2;tetracycline ARGs: tet B and tet C;macrolide ARGs: erm A and erm B.The detection rates of sul1 and sul2 in Jinjiang River Basin were 100% and 52.9% respectively;the detection rates of tet B and tet C were 29.4% and 52.9% respectively;the detection rates of erm A and erm B were relatively low,respectively 17.6% and 35.3%,the results showed that These resistance genes are ubiquitous in samples from the Jinjiang River Basin.The ARGs detection results of the Ganges river samples showed that sul1 and sul2 were detected in most of the water samples DNA,and the detection rate was 66.6%;the detection rate of tet C was 50%;tet B was not found in the six samples.Detection;erm A was not detected in all samples;erm B detection rate was 33.3%.The analysis of antibiotic resistance gene analysis shows that sulfonamide ARGs are widely present in the Jinjiang River Basin and Ganges River Basin,while tetracycline ARGs and macrolide ARGs have different degrees of distribution from the Jinjiang River Basin and Ganges River Basins.It also shows that the higher the concentration of antibiotics in the sample,the higher the probability of detecting antibiotic resistance genes.The detection degree of antibiotic resistance genes in the sample is closely related to the concentration of antibiotics in the environment.Research on the microbial community structure of representative samples from the Jinjiang River Basin showed that there were obvious seasonal and spatial variations in microbial community diversity and abundance.There are obvious seasonal and spatial changes in the diversity and abundance of microbial communities in water bodies.The abundance and diversity of microbial communities in the samples from the Jinjiang and Yuanhe rivers in the Jinjiang basin are higher in the dry season than in the rainy season.The diversity and abundance of microbial communities in river water bodies and polluted water bodies are very significant.The difference in environmental conditions between Jinjiang and Yuanhe in the Jinjiang River Basin also has a significant impact on the seasonal changes of microbial community diversity and abundance.There was also a significant correlation between the concentrations of macrolides,tetracyclines and quinolones with the microbial community structure,while the correlation between sulfonamides and microbial community structure was small.The community diversity analysis of three representative samples(IW-01,IW-04,and IW-07)in the Ganges River Basin shows that the Shannon index of bacterial community diversity is ranked as: IW-04> IW-07> IW-01,The sample IW-04 has the highest bacterial richness index;the Shannon index of fungal community diversity is: IW-07>IW-04>IW-01,and the reservoir IW-07 fungal richness The index is the highest.The diversity indicators are directly related to the environmental conditions of each water sample.The main factors that affect the diversity of the community are closely related to the source conditions of the water sample,such as dissolved oxygen,Eh value,organic matter content,and whether there are toxic chemical substances.