Study On The Change And Influence Of Water Environment In Western Shandong Since Yuan Dynasty (1289-1937)

Since the opening of Huitong River in the Yuan Dynasty,The West Shandong Canal is an important part of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.The interweaving of artificial and natural channels have broken the original natural state of water environment operation in the west Shandong,and shaken the dominant position of the Yellow River in influencing the regional water environment since the Han Dynasty.Under the coupling relations between human factors and natural factors,the ecological environment and human environment in the western part of Shandong Province have undergone great changes,and gradually fall into the "water environment of involution".The smooth flow of Luxi canal promotes the development of water environment in Luxi region.Since the meeting of emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty,Wenshui,Sishui,Huanghe,zhangshui and Weishui have converged in western Shandong,which has increased the richness of surface runoff,ensured the water demand for water transport,enriched the species of local aquatic animals and plants,and promoted the development of local fishery.But in the long run,this kind of development is "growth without development".Although the excavation of Huitong River increased the water supply to the region,the east-west division of Majia River and Tuhai River and the dependence on water sources of Zhangzhou,Weizhou,Wenzhou and Huanghe caused the chaos of water environment operation and the contradiction between agricultural irrigation and water transport along the river,which eventually led to the deterioration of regional ecological environment.Specifically,the east-west division of the canal to the water system in the territory affects the smooth operation of the water environment in the territory,resulting in the siltation and overflow of the river;the siltation of the river and the overflow of the river speed up the salinization and alkalization of the local soil,the increase of the salt content of the shallow groundwater,and the change of the regional agricultural planting structure;the Yellow River,Wenhe River,Zhanghe River and other rivers are supplementing the water resources in the territory At the same time,it also leads to the contradiction between agricultural irrigation and water use in the area where the river flows,resulting in frequent flood disasters in western Shandong;and the segmentation of the canal to the river,the siltation of the river in the territory,the sandy soil and so on,aggravate the impact of flood disasters.Finally,after the decline of water transport,the water environment in western Shandong Province has returned to a stable state,but the people in western Shandong Province are still suffering from the deterioration of ecological environment such as sandy soil,salinization and so on.Based on the carding of the process of water environment change in western Shandong since Yuan Dynasty,this paper explores the changes of surface water resources,groundwater resources and derivatives related to water environment caused by the Grand Canal under the background of unblocked and uncontrolled canal in western Shandong,and clarifies the impact of the Grand Canal on regional natural environment and human environment.When analyzing the mutual adaptation between man and nature,place and society in the process of water environment change,this paper draws lessons from the theory and method of "man land relationship" in human geography,so that we can correctly understand the relationship between canal and regional ecological development,correct people's deviation in water environment protection,development and utilization,and improve the utilization and protection of water resources in western Shandong.