| Solar water evaporation technology does not need to consume energy on the earth and can directly use solar energy to produce fresh water.Therefore,solar water evaporation technology has received widespread attention for its advantages of low cost,sustainability,and environmental friendly characteristics.The key factors for evaluating the water evaporation performance of the device are as follows.1.The light absorption performance of the surface absorption layer;2.The light-to-heat conversion performance of the materials;3.The water transport capacity of porous materials as water transport channels.In this paper,porous materials were used as raw materials.Natural wood and waste flower mud were subjected to a simple surface carbonization process to form a double-layer structure to enhance the light absorption and light-to-heat conversion.At the same time,the structure and pores of the raw materials were maintained to ensure that the water transport performance is not affected.Under the premise of ensuring the above three elements,a three-dimensional water evaporation system was constructed.The optimal water evaporation performance was explored by increasing the evaporation area,wind speed and a series of factors.The influence of different factors on the evaporation rate during the evaporation process was studied.The results are as follows:1.Natural fir was subjected to a surface carbonization process.The carbonized surface has excellent solar absorption property,while the core retains the wood's unique hydrophilic pore structure.The double-layer carbonized wood is an excellent water evaporation material.Light absorption,photothermal conversion,hydrophilic,and water evaporation performances of the material were investigated.Different arrays were constructed using rod-shaped surface carbonized fir.The influence of factors such as the height of the pillars,the number of roots,the spacing,and the wind speed on the evaporation rate was studied.Under the optimal array structure,the water evaporation rate under one sun reaches 3.81kg·m-2·h-1.When a maximum wind speed of 3.5 m/s is applied,the evaporation rate can even reach as high as 13.2 kg·m-2·h-1.A software named Comsol was run to simulate and verify the water evaporation rate.The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results.In application,related items of the dye wastewater and seawater treated by the self-made device can reach the national and WTO drinking water specification.It has good application prospects in the field of seawater desalination and wastewater treatment.2.Waste flower mud was used as raw materials to prepare a double-layer structure solar water evaporation material through a surface carbonization process.The light absorption,photothermal conversion and solar water evaporation properties of the material have been studied.The influence of different shapes and wind speeds on the water evaporation performance of the device was explored.The results show that the material has broadband light absorption performance in the solar spectrum.The photothermal conversion of the materials is significantly enhanced after carbonization.The material has excellent water transmission and water storage capabilities.The water evaporation rate reaches 1.29 kg·m-2·h-1 under a one-sun illumination,and the evaporation efficiency is80.68%.As the intensity of sunlight increases,the evaporation rate of the sample increases,but the evaporation efficiency decreases.When a water evaporation device and porous column structures are used for water evaporation,the evaporation rate reaches 8.36 kg·m-2·h-1 after the wind speed of 3 m/s is added.When an 8-column array is used as the evaporation device,the evaporation rate can reach 8.90 kg·m-2·h-1 at the wind speed of 3m/s.In application,related items of the dye wastewater and seawater treated by the self-made device can reach the national and WTO drinking water specification.It has good application prospects in the field of seawater desalination and wastewater treatment. |
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