Research On Quantum Dialogue Algorithm And Its Security Analysis

Quantum dialogue is a process of two-way secure communication using a single channel.Quantum dialogue can be regarded as a two-way quantum secure direct communication protocol.Its implementation is based on physics.Compared with traditional cryptography based on mathematical problems such as decomposition of large integers and discrete logarithms,quantum cryptography has Better superiority and higher security.This is a very important research topic in quantum cryptography at present,and it has an extremely important position in quantum communication.Based on the analysis of existing quantum dialogue protocols,this thesis proposes the following innovative quantum dialogue protocols based on the shortcomings of existing quantum dialogues.First,we propose a quantum dialogue protocol using self-dual quantum low-density codes;then we propose a quantum dialogue protocol based on free-entanglement;finally,we propose a quantum dialogue protocol based on a hyperentangled state in a quantum walk.The specific research content is as follows:Firstly,this paper designs a quantum dialogue protocol based on self-dual quantum low-density check codes.Quantum error correction coding is an extension of Hilbert space combined with the classical error correction coding in quantum mechanics.This article uses quantum low-density codes.There are many ways to construct a self-dual quantum low-density parity check matrix(such as B construction method,U construction method,etc.).Using the B+U construction method,that is,the combination of the B construction method and the U construction method,it has the advantages of the above two construction methods,and at the same time has a higher flexibility,a better degree of regularity,and a unique number of four rings.In addition,we conducted a security analysis on the proposed protocol,and proved that the proposed quantum dialogue protocol can resist common external attacks,and there is no information leakage,which improves the efficiency of encoding and decoding.Subsequently,a novel quantum dialogue security scheme based on free-entangled quantum states was proposed.This solution is mainly aimed at some internal and external attacks in the quantum dialogue process.The program first uses the classic key distribution method to initialize the data that needs to be transmitted;then,uses the secret encoding algorithm and the sequential operation algorithm of the single quantum system to transmit the information between the two parties;finally,the two parties use the secret reconstruction algorithm to obtain the information of both parties.To achieve the purpose of quantum dialogue.In addition,this scheme establishes an effective verification mechanism against spoofing attacks,effectively avoiding some internal and external attacks.The entanglement-free quantum dialogue scheme only requires sequential communication of a single quantum system.In theory,its realization is easier than quantum dialogue based on entangled states.Finally,this paper proposes a feasible and efficient quantum dialogue protocol in discrete quantum walks based on hyperentangled states.Due to the influence of external environment and internal factors,the security of quantum dialogue is facing huge challenges.In order to improve the security of quantum dialogue,in the proposed protocol,first,the trusted third party and the communicating parties generate and distribute a security key through the BB84 protocol.The communicating party Alice encrypts the information sequence according to the security key to obtain a signature;The party Bob receives the signature,and the third party verifies the signature information using the joint Bell state measurement.Then,the communicating parties use discrete-time quantum walks to walk on the network until the two parties collide on a node,and a dialogue between the two parties is realized on the collision node.The information carrier of Quantum Dialogue uses a super-entangled state,which improves the efficiency of information transmission and the security of communication.The use of discrete-time quantum walk makes both parties in communication anonymous,improves the security of the identities of both parties,and has the simplicity of transmission.