The Influence Of Spatial Structure Of Species Distribution And The Spatiotemporal Structure Of Disturbance On Biological Invasion Results

Biological invasion is a common phenomenon and a critical driver for species diversity loss in nature.Biological invasion has threatened many countries and regions,which has brought great challenges to the sustainable development of human beings.However,not all invasive species are necessarily successful,and it is not uncommon that the invasive species are completely out-competed by native species.Therefore,when species invasion is found,it is surely urgent to make an accurate prediction on invasion results in time,and change or control the invasion results through artificial disturbance,so as to maintain the stability of the ecosystem.This study established a biological model including three species based on pair approximation and mean field approximation.When biological invasion occurs,this study respectively analyzes the influence of species' spatial distribution pattern and the disturbance' spatiotemporal structure on invasive results.Species' spatial distribution pattern is the initial density of native and invasive species and their spatial distribution aggregation degree.And the spatiotemporal structure of interference refers to the degree of disturbance,the spatial aggregation distribution of disturbance and the interval of disturbance after invasion.Two different kinds of disturbance defined as destructive disturbance and targeted introductory disturbance are introduced,and different dispersal strategies of animal species are also considered.By simulations,the study mainly found the following results.Higher level of invasive species' density and stronger local dispersal ability promote the successful invasion.Even though,the spatial distribution pattern of species has profound influence on invasive results.The lower level of aggregation of invasive species distribution promotes successful invasion,while the higher level of aggregation of native species distribution restrains invasion.When the native and invasive species disperse globally,the spatial distribution of species has no influence on invasive results.Moreover,for a case that the invasive will out-compete the native species,this study analyzes the influence of two different kinds of disturbance on invasive results.The simulated results indicates that the destructive disturbance cannot eliminate the invasive species thoroughly,while the introductory disturbance not only can eliminate the invasive species but also can promote the coexistence of the native and invasive species depending on its three characteristics.Besides,when the degree of disturbance is fixed,the intermediate aggregation of targeted introductory disturbance maximizes the biological diversity.But the influence becomes weaker with weakening the species' local predation ability.This study also finds that the influence of disturbance on preventing species invasion or promoting species coexistence becomes more strong if the disturbance is applied in time.Finally,based on the established model,several natural invasion events and hypotheses are discussed and analyzed in this study,which provides a new perspective for biodiversity protection and prevention and control of species invasion.The research results about disturbance also generate some enlightenment on biological invasion prevention and control.