Research On Non-interactive Quantum Deniable Authentication Protocol

The deniable authentication protocol not only allows the receiver to confirm the source of the information,but also does not allow the source of the third-party information to be notified,which realizes the deniable of the sender and solves the conflict between the sender’s authentication and privacy.The quantum deniable authentication protocols that have been proposed so far are all based on interactive methods.In order to generate a message authentication code,the sender needs to interact with the receiver multiple times,which reduces the communication efficiency.In order to further improve the efficiency of the quantum deniable authentication protocol,this paper focuses on the non-interactive quantum deniable authentication protocol,in which the process of generating a message authentication code by the sender does not need to interact with the receiver and it improves the efficiency.The main research work includes the following:(1)A non-interactive quantum deniable authentication protocol based on IBE(Identity-based Encryption).The proposed quantum deniable authentication protocols belong to interactive deniable authentication protocols.In order to reduce the communication cost,we propose a non-interactive quantum deniable authentication based on public-key cryptosystem in this paper.Namely,by introducing identity-based public-key cryptosystem,the sender uses the private key to generate the message authentication code,and the receiver uses the public key to verify.Similarly,the receiver can generate the same signature on the message by his private key.The sender who can generate the message authentication code don’t need to interact with the receiver.Therefore,the communication cost is greatly reduced.(2)A restricted non-interactive quantum deniable authentication protocol based on GHZ(Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger)state.In some special application such as electronic voting system,the counter needs some evidence to prove the number of the participants.That is,the voters can deny the content of the voting but he cannot deny participating in a certain voting activity.Utilizing the property of unitary transformation and GHZ states,proposing a protocol which allows the sender to deny the content of the sent message,but cannot deny that he has participated in a particular communication.(3)A non-interactive quantum deniable authentication protocol based on two-mode squeezed states.The above protocols are all based on discrete variables.Based on the research of continuous quantum theory,a quantum deniable authentication protocol based on two-mode squeezed quantum states is proposed.By introducing the classic Diffie-Hellman(DH)idea,the message sender and the specified receiver will agree a new shared secret key without their interaction by utilizing the amplitude and the phase properties of the entangled optical modes,and then the sender generates a message authentication code by using the the new shared key.Compared with the proposed quantum deniable authentication protocol based on DH,the sender and receiver in this scheme only use continuous quantum characteristics,and the two parties can negotiate a new shared key without interaction,which improves the communication efficiency.