Research On Genetic Diversity And Molecular Phylogeography Of The Capreolus Pygargus

Siberian roe deer(Capreolus pygargus)is one of the widest-distributed ungulate species in the world.At present,there are disagreements on the systematic geographical pattern of the Siberian roe deer,some researchers hold the idea that Siberian roe deer can be classified into three subspecies which are C.pygargus pygargus,C.pygargus tianschanicus,C.pygargus melanotis.In order to further clarify the phylogenetic pattern of the Siberian roe deer,we studied the genetic diversity and phylogenetic of the Siberian roe deer in Northeast China and roe deer in other places of the world.From 2018 to 2019,we collected 40 wild roe deer feces and 10 captive roe deer feces in Northeast China,we studied the genetic diversity by using two genetic markers including mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b(Cyt b)and microsatellite.Besides,we built phylogenetic tree and haplotype network map by combining Cyt b sequence from our study and Cyt b sequence from roe deer in other places of the world.The main results of our study were:1.The Cyt b gene was used for species identification,and 32 sequences were successfully amplified.Then,the amplified sequences were compared to the results in the NCBI database,it was confirmed that the amplified sequences were all from the Cyt b regions of roe deer mitochondrial DNA.We identified 27 different individuals by using microsatellite markers.2.Based on the mitochondrial Cyt b gene,we studied the genetic diversity of roe deer in Northeast China and found that wild roe deer(h=0.840±0.044,Pi=0.00496±0.00075)have lower genetic diversity than captive roe deer(h=1.00±0.045,Pi=0.56445±0.05149).Furthermore,compared with some other species in the cervid family such as Alxa red deer(h=0.207,Pi=0.00026)and Northeast China sika deer(h=0.588,Pi=0.00793),wild roe deer in Northeast China and other places of the world have more genetic diversity.3.A neutral test and a mismatch distribution analysis were performed on the roe deer population to determine whether it had experienced population expansion,we found D value of the wild roe deer in Northeast China were all negative and the P value was higher that 0.1.The mismatch distribution map presents an obvious Unimodal shape indicating roe deer in Northeast China may be in a process of expansion.The D value of the roe deer population in the world is one positive and one negative,and the P value is less than 0.05.the mismatch distribution map is a bimodal curve which indicates that the roe deer in the world may not have expanded in recent years.4.The phylogenetic tree and haplotype network diagram constructed based on the Cyt b gene of mitochondria revealed that roe deer is divided into four haplogroups with obvious pedigree structure and geographical distribution pattern.The results of this study can provide a certain scientific reference for the genetic diversity assessment and phylogenetic pattern division of Siberian roe deer.