Study On The Characteristics Of Plant Community In Different Succession Stages Of Limestone Mountain In The South Of Shanxi Province

As an important mineral resource in China,limestone is also the basis of ecosystem development in Taihang Mountain,Luliang Mountain and Hengshan Mountain.In recent years,with the economic development of limestone building materials demand growth,the development of open-pit mining industry is rapid,causing serious ecological damage.In order to restore the ecological environment of the mine and make it green again,this paper will use the method of space instead of time to select four representative succession stages in the south of Shanxi Province.On the basis of field investigation,combined with the relevant knowledge of Quantitative Ecology,the basic characteristics of the community in different succession stages,such as species composition,flora,life style,species diversity and interspecific association,will be discussed In order to understand the characteristics of community in different stages of succession and evaluate the status of community succession,the data were analyzed and calculated by curve fitting method in order to provide theoretical basis for species restoration and protection measures of the limestone mountain community in the south of Shanxi Province.The results show that:(1)A total of 119 species were recorded in the survey area,belonging to 39 families and 88 genera,most of which are Compositae,Leguminosae and Rosaceae.Among them,there are 2 families,2 genera and 3 species of gymnosperms,37 families,86 genera and 116 species of angiosperms,mainly herbaceous plants,followed by shrub and arbor plants.In the four stages of succession,species increased first and then decreased,which was mainly due to the improvement of plant habitat and the disadvantage of herbage in the competition.(2)In the limestone mountain community,the 39 families of plants can be divided into 8 areal types,among which the world distribution is the largest,followed by the pan-tropical distribution.The genus can be divided into 15 areal types,of which the proportion of distribution in the northern temperate zone is the highest(27.27%),followed by that in the world.In the four different succession stages,the family distribution was dominated by the world distribution,indicating that the limestone mountain plants have a strong adaptability to the environment.The distribution of genera is dominated by world distribution and north temperate distribution,and the genera with pan-tropical distribution are prevalent in the four stages,which accord with the local climatic characteristics.(3)According to the classification system of Raunkiaer,there are five life forms in all plants in the quadrat,among which the ground bud plants account for 33.61%and the high bud plants account for 21.85%.According to the vegetation classification in China,they can be divided into four categories,among which the herbaceous plants are the most abundant,and the representative plants are Bidens parviflora,Carex lanceolata Wait,the Bush comes next.In the first two stages of succession,most of them are ground bud plants,followed by underground bud and high bud,which shows that the winter in this area is cold and long,and plants need to rely on snow or litter layer to survive safely.In the following two stages,the proportion of high bud plants increased continuously,and the tree and shrub species grew fully,which indicated that the habitat of these two stages was greatly improved,and the accumulation of soil thickness and the growth of plant roots played a great role in the growth of plants.(4)In the diversity analysis,in the first three stages of succession,except the Pielou evenness index,the other three indexes were the herb layer > shrub layer > tree layer,indicating that the herb layer had more species and higher richness.Secondly,from the perspective of each stage of succession,species diversity index and richness index show a single peak curve change,which can reflect the succession process of the community to some extent.(5)The correlation analysis of the main species in each successional stage shows that most of the species are related to each other.With the development of succession,the positive and negative proportion of species is on the rise,which shows that the similarity of species utilization resources is also on the rise,and the relationship between species tends to be stable.(6)By building regression models for plants,it can be seen that tree species will occupy an absolute advantage in the next succession stage,and the community will gradually transition towards the direction of tree forest.The community level is obvious,and the species diversity will be further improved and the community will be more stable.