| Proteus mirabilis is an important zoonotic pathogen,which has been widely regarded second only to intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in human medicine,and the morbidity of diseases caused by Proteus mirabilis are increasing year by year,which has attracted wide attention of scholars at home and abroad(Hamilton AL,et al.,2018).Antibiotics are usually used to treat diseases caused by this bacterium in clinic.Due to the long-term irrational use of antibiotics,highly drug-resistant strains of Proteus mirabilis have been produced,which not only makes it more difficult to treat diseases caused by this bacterium,but also poses a serious threat to the public health and safety of people and animals because of the horizontal transmission of its drug-resistant genes and movable components among bacteria.The purpose of this study was to understand the epidemic situation and drug resistance characteristics of Proteus mirabilis producing ESBLs in fur animal farms in Shandong province.From October 2019 to November 2020,224 samples of animal feces,feed,drinking water,soil,anal swab,throat swab and 61 carcasses were collected from raccoon,fox and mink farms in Shandong Province.Proteus mirabilis was identified by microbial mass spectrometry and 16 S r RNA gene sequence analysis,understanding the genetic relationship between the isolated Proteus mirabilis.The confirmation test of Proteus mirabilis producing ESBLs was carried out by paper method,and the drug resistance of 15 drugs was detected to preliminarily understand the drug resistance of Proteus mirabilis from fur animals.26drug-resistant genes were detected by PCR to understand the existence of drug-resistant gene.8 virulence genes were detected by PCR to understand the virulence gene characteristics of Proteus mirabilis.In this study,53 strains of Proteus mirabilis were isolated,and the isolation rates from raccoons,foxs and minks were 52.94%(18/34),51.16%(22/43)and 6.25%(13/208),respectively,and the highest was found in stool samples(41.25%).The results of ESBLs-producing Proteus mirabilis showed that among the 53 isolated strains,23 strains produced ESBLs,15 strains from raccoons and 8 strains from foxs.Drug resistance test results showed that the resistance rates of 23 ESBLs-producing strains to 11 antibiotics were all over 80%,while the resistance rates of 30non-ESBLs-producing strains to only 3 antibiotics were over 80%,which indicated that ESBLs-producing strains were seriously resistant.The results of six drug-resistant genes showed that 53 isolates detected 1?11 genes,among which ?-lactams(bla TEM)and sulfonamides(sul1)were detected 100%.No ?-lactams(bla SHV?bla PSE),quinolones(qnr S?oqx A),aminoglycosides(aa C1?aa C3),polymyxin(van A?van B?van C1),macrolides(mef A?mrs D),tetracyclines(tet B)were detected.12 of the 53 strains carried Class I integrons,and the carrying rate was 22.64%(12/53).There are five types of drug-resistant gene cassettes:aad A2-intl1(4/53),aada2-aad A1-sul3-dfra12-intl1(3/53),aad A2-aad A1-sul1-intl1,aad A2-sul1-intl1 and aada1 are all(1/53),,and 2 strains had no gene box structure.The results of virulence genes showed that the rates of 5 virulence factors(ure C,zap A,pmf A,atf A and atf C)were all 100%,while the rates of the other three virulence genes mrp A,uca A and rsb A were 24.53%,43.4% and 69.81%,respectively. |
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