| This project is based on the Arctic Ocean-Ice-Air-Air Unmanned Ice Station Observing System R&D(Project No.2016YFC1400300),a sub-project of the Polar Environmental Observation/Detection Technology and Equipment R&D project of the Ministry of Science and Technology.A sea-ice-air coupled unmanned ice station monitoring system was designed.Since the beginning of the 21st century,the global climate has undergone significant changes,and global warming has attracted the attention of more and more scientists.In recent years,the Arctic climate warming rate is about twice that of other parts of the world.There has been a large melting of glaciers and sea ice,the thawing of permafrost,and the shortening of the snow season.This is called the phenomenon of“Arctic amplification”[1-3].As an important part of the cryosphere,sea ice is the product of surface heat budget and ocean heat flux.Therefore,sea ice growth and ablation have an important impact on climate change[4-6].In recent years,sea ice buoys placed in the Arctic have obtained a large amount of meteorological data through long-term observations,and many data have been applied in related research[7,8].At present,domestic and foreign ice-based buoys mainly include:CALl B(Compact Air Launched Ice Beacon)buoy,M-CAD(METOCEAN Compact Arctic Drifter)buoy,IMB(Ice Mass Balance)sea ice material balance buoy.Among them,the CAll B buoy can be deployed by means of airdrop deployment.The sensors mounted on the buoy mainly include:ice temperature detection sensor,air pressure detection sensor,ARGOS telemetry device;the field data obtained by M-CAD buoy mainly includes:wind speed and direction Temperature,air pressure and underwater conductivity,depth,salinity;IMB sea ice material balance buoy is mainly used to obtain sea ice thickness,temperature data and meteorological data,upper ocean data and other parameters.Comprehensive analysis of the work of the above buoys,we can know that these monitoring buoys have their shortcomings,for example,the accuracy of data measurement is low,and the types of sensors are not abundant.It is not possible to conduct long-term monitoring of the Arctic environment,lack of comprehensive monitoring data,and lack of perennial monitoring data.Sub-project of the Ministry of Science and Technology"Polar Environmental Observation/Detection Technology and Equipment R&D"-The main task of the Arctic Ocean-ice-air unmanned ice station observation system is to develop the sea around the Arctic sea ice change and the ocean-ice-air interaction process.Ice,atmospheric boundary layer and upper ocean interface flux observation technology and equipment,integrated ocean-ice-air unmanned ice station observation system.Long-term unattended observation of key parameters of the Arctic Ocean near-ice surface-snow-sea ice-upper ocean change and feedback process.Based on the analysis of Arctic environmental monitoring technology at home and abroad,this paper designs the Arctic ocean-ice-air unmanned ice station monitoring system based on the particularity and complexity of the Arctic on-site monitoring environment;the problem of insufficient power supply and poor data transmission reliability for the site Design the unmanned ice station power management strategy and the dual-comet communication strategy to ensure the reliable operation of the system;the hardware structure design scheme and software implementation scheme are studied in detail according to the monitoring requirements,in hardware circuit design,sensor integration test,power management strategy design On the basis of this,the ocean-ice-air multi-parameter Arctic unmanned ice station automatic monitoring system was successfully developed,and long-term remote monitoring of Arctic ocean-ice-air multi-parameters was realized.The Arctic unmanned ice station monitoring system developed in this paper consists of two units including primary and secondary buoys,including the atmospheric boundary layer subsystem and the sea ice observation system(snow/sea ice vertical temperature profile module,sea ice thickness module).Under the ice,the fixed layer module of the ocean(acquiring the ocean parameters of different layers of the upper ocean),as well as communication modules and battery packs.Among them,the atmospheric boundary layer observation system is installed separately on the observation tower,and the sensor for acquiring the upper ocean parameters is mounted on the secondary buoy,and the collected data can be transmitted to the main buoy through the communication cable.The power management strategy of the system includes three parts:the energy storage system management strategy,the MCU power control strategy,and the load power management strategy.In the management strategy of the energy storage system,the Kalman filter algorithm is introduced to accurately estimate the SOC of the battery,and the system power supply strategy is designed to improve the battery efficiency.In the MCU power control strategy,according to the system's working requirements.Switching the working mode of the MCU and controlling the power module;in the load power management strategy,the dynamic programming algorithm is used to obtain the optimal combination of different sensor acquisition frequencies,so that the working mode of the monitoring system achieves the best effect.The main buoy of the Arctic unmanned ice station monitoring system is the core part of the system.It is equipped with all sea ice observation subsystems and observation modules of some atmospheric boundary observation systems.It is also responsible for system control and satellite communication.The sub-buoy and main buoys are composed.The sub-master is mainly equipped with a fixed-level observation module for the ocean under the ice,and is connected to the main buoy by a cable.Under normal working conditions,the observation data of the upper ocean of the secondary buoy is transmitted by the cable to the main buoy controller and transmitted through the communication module of the main buoy.In this paper,the laboratory and field cryogenic experiments were carried out on the Arctic unmanned ice station monitoring system.The stability of the system and the accuracy of data collection were verified by a large number of experiments.On the basis of summarizing the experimental experience,the unmanned ice station was The monitoring system was optimized and improved and installed in the Arctic.The results show that the system can effectively obtain field data and transmit data.Compared with similar products,it has the advantages of good economy,high precision and good real-time data communication. |
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