The Comparative Analysis Of Gut Macrobiotic Diversity Of Different Geographical Populations Of Chinese Rhesus Macaques(Macaca Mulatta)

Knowledge about the impact of different geographic environments on rhesus macaque gut microbiota is limited.Gut microbes play an important role in the host adaptation to the environment.Understanding the diversity of gut microbiota composition in different geographical populations of wild rhesus macaques,it is of great significance to study the environmental adaptation mechanism of animals.Especially for high altitude adaptability research is necessary.In this paper,36 individuals of six wild rhesus macaques geographical populations from China.The 16S rRNA V4-V5 region was sequenced by MiSeq platform high-throughput sequencing method,comparative analysis of six geographical populations of gut microbiota compositional differences in the structure.The results based on the composition analysis of operational taxonomic units(OTUs)indicated that the abundance of core overlapping OTUs in the six rhesus macaque geographical populations showed significant differences.Specifically,the Tibet population exhibited the highest gut microbial diversity and the most unique OTUs.Through the classification identification of OTU,statistically significant differences in the composition of rhesus macaque gut microbiota among the different geographical populations at phylum and family level were evident.Tthe phylum level,Tibet had higher abundances of Firmicutes and lower abundances of Bacteroidetes than the other geographical groups,That is,the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in Tibetan populations is significantly higher than other geographical populations.The family level,the Tibetan population,the Christensenellaceae and Ruminococcaceae are significantly higher than other populations.Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states analysis showed significant differences in the microbial functions of the six wild rhesus macaques geographical populations relating to the categories of metabolism,environmental information processing,organismal systems and human disease.Among them,the enrichment rate of HN populations on the metabolism primary pathway was significantly higher than that of other geographic populations;the enrichment rate of XZ populations on the environmental information processing primary pathway was significantly higher than that of other geographic populations.Therefore,our results suggested that in the adaptation process of rhesus macaques to different geographical environments,the abundance of the core common flora of the intestinal microbes had undergone varying degree of change,and produced new and unique flora,both of which helped to reshape the gut microbiota of rhesus macaques.In particular,this change was more obvious for animals in high altitude environments.