Differentiation Of Morphology And Structure Between Two Subspecies Of Taihangia

T.rupestris(Rosaceae),an endangered species in China.Now they live in the eastern margin of the Taihang Mountains in eastem Asia.Habitat fragmentation leads to the existence of geographical isolation between populations.Different environment of the habitats lead the plants gradually produce a series of adaptive change.In our study,we selected two representative populations of T.rupestrisvar.rupestris and two representative populations of T.rupestris var.ciliate and then we mesuredindexes of surface morphology of leaf?leaf anatomy structure?petiole anatomy structure?morphology of flower?the morphology ofpollenes and the morphology of seeds.We survyed a total of 92 indicators and collected 46 different meteorological factors data from 1980 to 2010 s of the four population locations.Then we made a significant difference analysis,principal component analysis,cluster analysis,the coefficient of variation and traits associated with meteorological factors analysis.The results are as follows:1,The significant degree of ANOVA among 92 indicators in each organization of T.rupestris var.rupestrisand T.rupestris var.ciliate.Using Duncan method analysised the significant difference of 92 indicators.The results showed: All indicators were significant differences mainly in the leaf surface morphology and other vegetative organs,while the indicators of flower and other reproductive organs and anatomical structures such as leaves relatively few significant differences.Leaf length,petiole length,The trichome in leaf and petiole have a significant difference.In the surface morphology of the floral organ,the length of petals?sepals and peduncle have a significant difference.The length of germination channel and equatorial axis have a significant differences,and the same to P/E value.For seeds,the average number of seeds,the length of seeds,the ratio of length and style of seeds,and the weight of seeds have a significant difference.For anatomical leaves,leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness,sponge tissue thickness,the length of cross section of vascular veins and stomatal wide have a significant differences,the ratio of stomatal length and width and the density of stamatal,and thicknesss of the vein and the width of cross-section of vascular vein also have a significant differences.For petiole anatomical structure,the length of petiole cross-section and the length of the vascular bundle have a significant difference.In general,the tissues and organs indicators average percentage difference were significant respectively as follows: leaf shape(67%)=seed(67%)>Flower(26%)>leafanatomical structure(21%)>petioles anatomical structure(20%)>Pollen(12%).2.Tissues and organs of key indicators,key indicators and differentiation between T.rupestris var.rupestrisand T.rupestris var.ciliate.With the principal component analysis of tissues and organs between T.rupestris and T.rupestris var.ciliate.The results showed that: the length of leaf,the length of petiole,the width of leaf,trichomes of margin and petioles are key indicators of the leavf surface morphology,wherein the length of leaf,the length of petiole and the width of leafare the leading indicators of leaf morphological differentiation.The length of Petals,the length of sepals,the ratio of large sepals and small sepals,and the ratio of calyx and sepal of flower's key indicators,the length of sepalsis the leading indicators of flower morphological differentiation.The length of polar and equatorial axis,germination channel length and the value of P/E are key indicators of pollen surface morphology,wherein the length of equator axial,germination channel length and the length of polar axial are differentiation leading indicators.The length of style,the length of seed and the ratio of length and style of seed are key morphological indicators,the length of style is the differentiation leading indicators.The ratio of length and width of veins vascular cross-section bundle,the length and width of veinscross-section,the thickness of veins,tightness,porosity and thickness rate of palisade and sponge tissue are key indicators of leaf anatomical structure,wherein veins ductal cells long,length of cross-section of vascular vein and thickness of vein are differentiation leading indicators.The length and width of petiole cross-section,the length and width of petiole vascular bundle are key indicators of petiole anatomy,wherein the the width of petiole vascular,the length of cross-section of petiole are leading indicators for the differentiation petiole.Scatter plots showing: In terms of leaves,THH(T.rupestrisvar.rupestris)and YMTHH(T.rupestris var.ciliate)are divided into two parts,with an obvious differentiation.In terms of flower,there is a certain degree of differentiation between THH and YMTHH,while there were still some dispersion together,overall floral organs not yet fully apparent morphological differentiation.In terms of pollen,THH and YMTHH has not been fully differentiated.In terms of leaf anatomical structure: THH and YMTHH cross distribution together,not yet fully differentiated.In terms of petiole anatomical structure: THH and YMTHH together distribution,no signification differentiation.3.The phenotypic diversity level for 6 sections between T.rupestris var.rupestrisand T.rupestris var.ciliate.The coefficient of variation of 6 sections beween THH and YMTHH show: In THH,leaf morphology(0.390)>leaf anatomical structure(0.216)>petiole anatomical structure(0.205)>flower morphology(0.191)>seed morphology(0.168)>pollen morphology(0.081);In YMTHH,Leaf morphology(0.304)> flowers morphology(0.200)> petiole anatomical structure(0.173)> leaf anatomical structure(0.158)> seed morphology(0.148)> pollen morphology(0.119).In terms of each section of THH,Leaf morphology,male flower,bisexual flower pollen,seed weight,seed length,leaf and petiole anatomical structures with a more extensive phenotypic diversity.In YMTHH,bisexual flowers,male flower pollen,the number of seeds,seed weight have rich phenotypic diversity.4.The relationship between the indicators and meteorological factorsWith pearson analysis indicators and environmental factors showed: leaf morphology index and a variety of environmental factors temperature and precipitation havesignificant correlations;seed morphology and environmental factors such as temperature and precipitation have significant correlations;pollen apparent forms and temperature have significant correlations;flowers surface morphology have significant correlations with the temperature;leaf anatomical structure closely related to temperature and precipitation;Similarly,petiole anatomy of temperature and precipitation are closely related.5.The differentiation trend in T.rupestrisvar.rupestrisand T.rupestris var.ciliate.Adapt to the environment in the long process of its organizational structure organs have different degrees of differentiation in T.rupestris var.rupestrisand T.rupestris var.ciliate.,the results of this study showed: the current level of differentiation between the two subspecies was mainly differentiated by the external to the internal reproductive organs of vegetative organs successively decreasing trend.In addition,significant differences between the two subspecies of the organizational structure of the order was outside to the inside,so the presumed site of the degree of differentiation in contact with the external environment is more closely obvious degree of differentiation near the plant site inside the body is relatively low,and correspondingly more conservative.6.Environmental adaptability and characteristics of plant in T.rupestris var.rupestrisand T.rupestris var.ciliate.In terms of the apparent leaf morphology,there is abundant diversity in THH,while the morphological diversity of YMTHH below the degree of THH.In THH,the leaf tends to increase,petiole become to long,tends to narrow.In YMTHH,the leaf tends to become smaller,leaf length and width become to synchronized leaves and tend to “heart”shape.We hypothesized that environmental factors associated with the analysis based on: with decreasing latitude,temperature,precipitation increases,the leavesof two subspeciestend to narrow,the length of petiole and leaf becomes large,trichome of leaves and petioles between two subspecies decreased relatively drought-resistant traits cut back.In leaf anatomical structure,leaf anatomy of the average coefficient of variation is large and abundant phenotypic diversity,while YMTHH is relatively more conservative.We hypothesize that environmental factors associated with the analysis based on: with latitude,rainfall,increased temperaturedecreasing,the more the number of stomata,stomatal smaller,palisade and spongy tissue and thinner leaf,variable cross-section of vascular vein wide,the upper and lower epidermis thinner,smaller veins ductal cells,conducting tissue transport water and other potential decreases,plant drought-resistant potential smaller.In petiole anatomical structure,THH with abundant diversity in petiole anatomy,while YMTHH relatively conservative.We hypothesize that environmental factors associated with the analysis based on: with decreasing latitude,rainfall,increased temperature,the ratio of length and width of petiole increase,the main petiole vascular bundle cross-section of smaller,smaller cross-section of the petiole,the potential of plant conducting tissue lose water decreases and resistent drought are relatively weakened.Through the above result,we defined the status of two subspecies differentiation,differentiation leading indicators,adaptive features and evolutionary trends Subspecies and environmental factors as well as the relationship between the two subspecies.Laid the foundation for the further study of their classification,identification,fine character development,introduction and domestication of ex-situ conservation and other aspects.