| This thesis investigates the syntax of unemphatic pronouns in the Anatolian branch of Indo-European, from both a diachronic and a descriptive synchronic point of view. Most of the particular morphological elements studied are clitics positioned by Wackernagel's Law, and evidence is presented throughout the thesis that this process must be understood syntactically rather than exclusively phonologically or prosodically. Chapter 1 contains surveys of the Anatolian family, the corpora of the languages used in the thesis (Hittite, Palaic, Cuneiform Luvian, and Lycian), and the unemphatic pronouns under investigation. Chapter 2 consists largely of a survey of some important features of Anatolian syntax: topicalization and WH-movement, verb serialization, focus movement, possessor raising, and quantifier float. It is also argued that the Anatolian languages have a split-ergative case-marking system in which neuters inflect ergatively and common-gender nouns accusatively.; Chapter 3 studies the distribution of subject clitics. Subject clitics were an innovation of the Anatolian family, and this chapter demonstrates that these clitics are in fact restricted, throughout Hittite and possibly Anatolian, to the subject position of clauses with unaccusative verbs. Chapter 4 studies the distribution of possessive pronouns. After an investigation of the Old Hittite system of possessor marking, it argues, first, that the process of possessor raising as well as possessive function for Wackernagel's Law pronouns were independent innovations of Middle Hittite and other Anatolian languages, and second, that after this innovation, Wackernagel's Law was constrained from operating in certain well-defined syntactic contexts. Chapter 5 studies two special features of Lycian. It argues that a characteristic construction of that language, the "topic construction", reflects the grammaticalization of an inherited discourse-driven left-dislocation structure, and that the Lycian nasal preterite continues inherited sequences of verb plus direct object. |
