| With the trend of global urbanization, underground space is being more and more exploited. To fulfill the need of sustainable development of underground space, it is necessary to well document the as-built positions of the facilities we have built. In the current practice, the as-built models are generated either by using remote sensing technologies like 3D Laser Scanning and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), or directly measuring the as-built positions of the facilities. However, there are several limitations of these approaches, such as considerable time and efforts required for modeling, high cost and low accuracy. This research proposes a new approach for the as-built invert modeling and visualization of bored tunnels, by using real-time Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) tracking and positioning data. The main contribution of this research is the formalization and implementation of a new approach for the as-built invert modeling of tunnels. |
