| The problem of how pilots execute curved landing approaches in fixed-wing aircraft is analyzed. In a series of experiments (including some conducted in real aircraft and others using a visual flight simulator), evidence supports the hypothesis that pilots may be using a simple two-dimensional optical flow strategy. Such a strategy requires that the pilot monitor only the rotation rate of the projected runway image during landing. This explanation greatly simplifies understanding of the control process pilots use during this maneuver since it downplays the role of three-dimensional cues as inputs to the pilot's control. In addition to offering a perceptual-motor explanation for a complex action, the theory outlined in the introduction may provide a basis for development of future improved training techniques. |
