Influence of cure via network structure on mechanical properties of a free-radical polymerizing thermoset

The matrix of a composite material exerts influence over composite properties. The hypothesis is that control of molecular architecture of the matrix allows for the control of resin properties and therefore impacts composite properties. The objective of this research is to define the relationship between cure chemistry, network structure, and final physical properties of vinyl ester-styrene (VE/S) resin, a free-radical polymerizing thermoset polymer often used as the matrix of fiber reinforced polymers.; Tensile and fracture properties of the polymer are found to depend on both cure schedule and cure formulation. The possibilities of phase separation and microgel formation being the cause for the differences in mechanical properties are examined. This research shows that the VE/S system does not phase separate under the conditions studied. This proven, the research examines changes in network architecture under different cure conditions. It is found that though bulk properties of the resin are unaffected by the details of the cure, the microscopic morphology, in particular the type of crosslink formed (intermolecular bond or intramolecular bond), is sensitive to both cure temperature and initiation mechanism as determined by cure formulation. Thus, the molecular architecture of the network is responsible for the bulk mechanical properties of the resin.; A kinetic analysis shows that both temperature and initiation mechanism affect the apparent “reaction order” of the VE/S system as determined by the autoacceleration equation. This apparent reaction order is interpreted as being an indication of the degree of heterogeneity in the resin. By controlling cure temperature and cure formulation, it is possible to minimize the apparent reaction order and thereby optimize physical properties. Finally, a theory is adapted from other non-network polymer systems to describe qualitatively how cure temperature and initiation mechanism may alter the heterogeneity in network structure via microgel formation and how these changes in structure affect changes in the mechanical properties.