| The Mannich reaction is applied to synthesize new calixarene compounds by extending the calixarenes' upper rim. Amino methyl calixarenes are formed via the Mannich reaction. Solid state structures of a series of compounds which have an aromatic ring attached to the piperazine at the upper rim of calix[4]arene are compared in this thesis.; As the number of nitrogens on the aromatic ring increases from 0 to 2, molecules prefer to pack closer and make a large difference in crystal structures. The factors such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, hydrophilic interactions and the effect of solvent all act as a driving force in stabilizing each structure.; In addition, the structure of calix[4]arene with long aliphatic chains at the lower rim shows how molecules assemble to maximize hydrophobic interactions. By understanding the effects of non-covalent interactions between calixarene compounds, molecular design rationale aiming at specific molecular assembly can be established. |
